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- 美国游艇帆船俱乐部
- 美国历史画卷风景篇名作赏析之五：《秋景 — 生命之河》
- 突尼斯：选举势必延期
- 流血
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| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 12:44 PM PDT 从小就喜欢水和船。中学参加了舢板队，去陶然亭划船。大学加入了航海队，每年暑假在颐和园集训。学会了绳结、撇缆和旗语，磨破了屁股尖，却练就了八块腹肌，掌握了船帆风向角，也见到同伴在大风里翻船。来了美国，江河湖海到处都有一处处的游艇码头，邻居熟人的车库前停着或大或小的渔船帆板，羡慕得很但是却一直没有机会重操旧业，缺少时间、精力不济特别是实力不够都是原因。直到近几年，有位朋友是华盛顿帆船俱乐部成员，被邀请参加了他们的几次活动，才再次接触船帆，有机会知道美国水上休闲和运动的一点皮毛。 美国有多少私人游艇和船只，就和美国有多少辆汽车一样是不可能有精确答案的。据美国海事制造商协会估计，2008年全美有1693万艘各类船只，而美国海岸警卫队发布的数据显示，在2009年注册登记的船只为1270万艘。 据美国林业局的数据，2009年美国有8200万成年人上船进行休闲娱乐活动。而据划船和钓鱼休闲基金会估计，2009年垂钓者当中有2580万人是在船上钓鱼的。海岸警卫队预计到2020年，美国成年人将有6040万人驾游艇出游，2330万人划独木舟，2110万人使用私人船只，2090万人漂流，1910万人滑水，1350万人划皮艇，1140万人驾帆船，970万人划舢板。 美国有1万9千家与游艇及设备制造和休闲活动有关的企业，2009年雇佣员工15万人，出售船只设备并提供服务创造价值308亿美元，人们拖带船只出游直接花费210亿美元，附带增加的产值高达440亿美元。 我们不谈那些亿万富翁花几千万上亿美元购买或定制的豪华游艇，普通人家的水上休闲船只价格也相差很大。从几百美元的浆船到几千美元的摩托艇，从几万美元的帆船到上百万美元的双层游艇，是美国休闲船只的主要市场。 和买房买车一样，买得起船还要养得起。美国有一个笑话：某甲兴奋地对某乙说，我刚刚买了一条船。乙说，恭喜，这可是人生第二大乐事。甲问，那第一乐事是什么？乙答，卖船。 买船和买其它物品一样，要给所在的州付消费税，然后要交注册费和命名费。例如在我所在的弗吉尼亚州，消费税是5%，船只命名费7美元，注册费船体长度16英尺以内27美元，逐渐增加直到40英尺以上为45美元。这些都不算什么，重要的是停泊和维护。毕竟家住水边的不多，如果是小型船只，还可以停放在自家的车库前或院子里，否则就要购买或租用码头的泊位。各地的泊位价钱不同，一般的月费要几百到上千美元，船越大，吃水越深就越贵。如果是买泊位的话，则常常比买一条船还贵。再加上维护保养，如果不是水上运动入迷，买一条大船真的是养不起。 在美国有一个办法可以既享受水上休闲的乐趣，又不需要自己养船，那就是参加一个非营利性的水上俱乐部。我的那位朋友就是这样一个俱乐部的成员。 他那个俱乐部一共有6条单桅帆船，4条是19英尺的Flying Scot，2条是24英尺的Catalina。俱乐部成立于1966年，现在有400多名成员。只使用Flying Scot的会员年费为100美元，使用Catalina140美元，两种船都想用的话为180美元。用船的时候先要预订，但是不需要再付任何费用。只要不是特别的假日，一般提前一两个星期预订都可以有上船的时段。 俱乐部成员在自愿的基础上参加船只的保养维护，俱乐部还举办各种社交活动，为新手举办培训，通过考试取得船长资格。成员可以邀请客人与自己一同上船，但是必须具有船长资格的成员才可以订船出海。每次出海人人都要登记签名，填写航海日志。返航要将帆索收好，船舱收拾干净，备用发动机加满汽油，以便其他人可以随时使用。 这种俱乐部根据美国联邦税法第501(c)(7)款予以免税。那是1916年国会加以规定的。因为这种以成员个人休闲娱乐为目的的组织，其收入完全用于自身，与个人消费没有区别，针对他们的会费征税没有道理，况且金额微小，费力不讨好，不如予以免税，还可以增进社区服务和公共利益。经过几次和朋友一起出海，畅游波托马克河，从水上欣赏华盛顿的美丽风光，我也正在考虑加入类似的俱乐部。  我们用的是左边第一条船
 我的朋友在掌舵
 西雅图普吉特海湾的点点白帆，远处背景是雷尼尔雪山
 人口7000的阿拉斯加州凯彻卡恩市帆船码头 |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 12:36 PM PDT "美国历史画卷"（Picturing America）是国家人文基金会（National Endowment for the Humanities） 2002年启动的"我们人民"（We the People）计划的一部分，旨在加强对美国历史和建国原则的研究及理解。为了达到这个目标，该图片集把美国一些最重要的美术作品带进全国各地的教室，帮助学生们通过一些最伟大的艺术作品来了解美国历史和丰富多彩的风土人情，展现这个国家所经历的艰辛与辉煌。我们将在每周五为世界各地的中文读者献上这套历史名作赏析，希望借此为有意探究美国历史的读者开启一个独特的窗口。
图片赏析：纽约市蒂芙尼珠宝店创始人的儿子路易斯·蒂芙尼对父亲的事业不感兴趣。相反，他到巴黎接受绘画训练，返回纽约后决定将他的才能投入装饰艺术中。他说："我认为，与图画相比，它（装饰艺术）有更多的东西。"到了1890年代，蒂芙尼开始探索彩绘玻璃这种自中世纪以来大致没有变化的媒介。19世纪末，彩绘玻璃有了一次复活的机会，因为美国城市在逐渐繁荣的过程中，大量地兴建教堂。后来，彩绘玻璃逐渐进入世俗领域，主题也由圣经故事转换成自然和林地。这些发亮的窗子像风景画一样，为都市住宅引入自然的美感。其密集的图案还有一个好处，可以挡住视线，不至于像普通窗子那样显露肮脏凌乱的街道和弄堂。 《秋景》是房地产大亨劳伦‧托尔（Loren Delbert Towle）为他在波士顿的哥特复兴式宅第所委制。这扇窗是用来照亮一个华丽的楼梯平台，通过展现一幅隐入远方的风景图画，为窄小的楼梯口创造了空间延伸的幻觉。但是，即使用在住宅里，彩绘玻璃也从未完全失去原有的宗教寓意。蒂芙尼将窗子分隔成三部分，并做成柳叶形状，使人想起中世纪的大教堂。与美国风景画传统一致的是，《秋景 — 生命之河》的主题也能引发宗教的诠释。一般而言，蒂芙尼只把这种传统的构图——即从岩石上层层下落的山泉构成一个小瀑布，注入近景中平静的水池——用于教堂和陵墓中的窗子；在这件作品中，季节的变化凸显了生命经过跌宕起伏接近尾声的象征意义，太阳在晚秋下午的天空中西沉。果然，这面彩绘玻璃窗成为一种纪念碑，因为这位波士顿客户在窗子安装之前就与世长辞。《秋景》后来卖给大都会美术馆，不再是少数权贵专有的私宅装饰，而变成供大众欣赏的艺术品。 蒂芙尼的宏大理想是用玻璃创造油画或水彩画的效果，同时放弃釉彩装饰。为了实现这一理想，他发明了新的生产及运用彩绘玻璃的技术，最终达成光靠颜料无法达成的多种视觉和触觉效果。《秋景》是他的后期作品之一，蒂芙尼几乎用上了十八般武艺：用杂色斑点玻璃做出傍晚的天空；用五彩玻璃片（将彩绘玻璃薄片嵌入表面）做出多彩的秋叶；用大理石化玻璃做出大块岩石；用波纹玻璃做出前景中的水池。为加深颜色并提高远山的深度，蒂芙尼运用"贴片" （plating）工艺，在窗子背面加贴了数层玻璃。但他自己应该知道，作品的效果全靠穿透窗子的自然光线的强度，如此风景才会随着时辰与季节的推移不断展现神奇的变化。 作为一幅类似精心制作的油画的艺术品，《秋景》实现了将艺术引入日常生活的美学运动的使命。与他的同代人、经常被视作该运动在美国的代表人物的詹姆斯‧惠斯勒（James McNeill Whistler）一样，蒂芙尼关注的是房间的整体装饰效果，把其中的各种装饰编织成一个统一协调的图案。他发明了无数种把艺术运用于生活的方法，借以设计从书籍到家具的各类物品；但是他说，不管使用哪一种媒介，他的主要目的始终是"追求美"。 |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 12:04 PM PDT 自从前总统阿里（Zeine El-Abbidine Ben Ali）下台后，突尼斯民众都在期待，能拥有一场公正且公开的选举，也认为唯有如此，才能确保民主转型成功。临时总统贝萨（Foued Mbezaa）在3月3日宣布，将于7月24日举行制宪会议选举；但最近许多人却开始担心，国内在设备上还没准备好迎接史上第一次自由选举，关于选期延期的消息也甚嚣尘上。 5月22日，独立选举委员会主委Kamel Jandoubi提议将选举延至10月16日，强调是因为设备及技术准备不及，且国家"欠缺依原订计划举行大选的条件"。  反对选举延期 5月23日内阁会议之后，政府发布声明稿，强调7月24日选举会如期进行，但选委会同一日又再度主张要延后。 由于双方意见分歧，大众充满失落与困惑，人们对于选举确切日期深感不安，因为各方似乎无法达成共识。
绝大多数博客反对延后选举，认为延期对国家毫无帮助，只会让混乱扩大。 Mokhtar Yahyaoui表示：
他另提到：
其他人则怪罪临时政府与临时总理塞比希（Beji Caid Sebsi）。
Hussein Ben Amer认为：
Fatma Arrabica提出一项重要问题：
Mehdi Lamloum则不在意延后选举：
如今选举显然不会在7月24日举行，外界都在注意社会大众有何反应。 校对：Soup 作者 Afef Abrougui · 译者 Leonard · 阅读原文 [en] · 则留言 (0) |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 10:30 AM PDT 正午阳光即将照耀在头顶上的时刻，我听到天井里传来凄厉惨叫。跑到窗户往下看，妩媚甜美的蓝眼睛缩在墙角落，扯着嗓子嚎叫。 跑下楼，推开天井院的门，蓝眼睛像是电影里被刺伤两只眼睛的人，鲜血顺着眼窝流下来，我的眼前一片黑暗，抓起整块砖头照着斯斯拍下去。这是我最喜欢的蓝眼睛，她才刚刚满月不久，眼睛要是瞎了，我会养她一生。 一边打斯斯，一边抱起蓝眼睛。情况不像我想的那样坏，斯斯的牙齿没有咬到眼睛，只是眼角被咬破，流了很多血。董辉说，还是斯斯口下留情，毕竟是她的孩子。狗是一种护食和领地意识特别强的动物，几十天下来，斯斯的忍耐应该已到极限，即使我每天深夜或者凌晨听到小家伙们如婴儿哇哇大哭的吵闹和斯斯如荒野狼嚎的无奈长嘶，神经也已经到了崩溃边缘。不过是我是一块石头，斯斯只是一条跟狼血统最近的狗。 抱着蓝眼睛在屋子里走，走到门口。蓝眼睛逐渐平静下来，放她在客厅里，小家伙迅速忘记了痛，开始整个屋子里跑，喜欢上下楼梯，可爱的小家伙，令人心爱和心碎。
时代死了，我们还活着。请把我留在1989！
小远2011年6月4日星期六晴 上海理道之理道文化兔，我只是一只有文化的兔子 |
| 《经济学人》：田园牧歌无踪影――内蒙古的动荡让管理中国的任务更加艰巨 Posted: 03 Jun 2011 10:01 AM PDT 核心提示：中共中央政治局注意到了在中国进行"社会管理"的任务正在变得日益艰巨。虽然今年来安保部门加强了对政府批评者的镇压力度并逮捕了许多人，但中共内部在保持长期稳定的最佳途径方面出现了越来越多的分歧迹象。 来源：《经济学人》，2011年6月2日，http://www.economist.com/node/18775303 译者：匿名 校对：南山
"在我们国家，现在社会矛盾已经显而易见。"在5月30日的一次会议上，统治中国的政治局得出了这样的结论。就在他们开会的时候，位于首都以北内蒙古的武警们镇压了该自治区数十年来最大的一次种族骚乱。而在其他地方，中国的互联网用户向一位针对政府目标进行爆炸的人报以潮水般的同情。这起爆炸发生于南方，炸死了肇事者和另外两人。是的，政治局注意到了在中国进行"社会管理"的任务正在变得日益艰巨。 内蒙古长期以来都被认为是中国的少数民族地区中最为顺从的地方。即使是在2008年西藏高原爆发了广为蔓延的抗议和骚乱之后、以及次年在新疆的省会乌鲁木齐又出现了血腥的种族冲突之后，内蒙古还是一派平静。在内蒙古自治区居住的蒙古族人口多于已独立的外蒙古。即便如此，他们还是只占了内蒙2400万人口的将近1/5，少于那里的汉族人口的数量。和藏族人、新疆的维族人不同，许多蒙古人基本不会说他们祖先的蒙古语。 因此，在五月下旬数个内蒙古的城镇中爆发抗议的时候，中国的领导人肯定感到了震惊。自从西藏骚乱以来，民族动荡还没有这么快地蔓延过。5月10日，一辆由汉人司机驾驶的货车撞死了一名蒙古牧民后逃逸，这点燃了抗议之火。这位蒙古人是一群想要阻止货车穿过草原到达一家煤矿的牧民中的一员。四天之后，另一位蒙古人在另一地点类似的对抗中丧生。 在这场抗议中，没有出现曾经震动了乌鲁木齐的那种造成近200人死亡的种族暴力现象，也没有象拉萨藏人洗劫汉人的商店那样搞得火光冲天。毫无疑问，这让中国当局松了一口气。但是这次[蒙古]的学生们扮演了主要的角色，这足以让当局警惕（在1989年，是学生们主导了天安门广场的抗议。）今年以来，当局一直在担心中国的年轻人会借助互联网的力量，从阿拉伯世界的抗争中受到鼓舞，在中国挑起"茉莉花革命"。在涉及到好几个内蒙古城市及省会呼和浩特的大规模安保行动中，警察将学生们限制在校园以内。尽管如此，在5月30日，还是有将近150人穿过呼和浩特，以蒙语呼喊口号。新浪微博——中国一个受欢迎的微博服务——现在已经把"内蒙古"和"茉莉花"都加入到了长长的禁搜词名单之中。 钱明奇这个名字还没有被列入这个黑名单，但是估计也为时不远了。在5月26日，钱先生在江西抚州引爆了三枚炸弹，许多微博用户表达了对肇事者的支持。钱先生（通过一个微博账号）长期以来抱怨当局因为修路而强拆他的房屋而遭到的不公正待遇。他自制的炸弹对准的是检察院、市政府和药监局。 政府对于骚乱的态度并非总是铁拳相向。虽然他们在内蒙古部署了许多警察和武警（同时禁止记者进入，并干扰移动互联网通信），当局对于抗议者关心的事还表现出了比西藏或新疆更多一点的敏感。该地区的党委书记胡春华在呼和浩特与师生们见面，承诺要还受到侵害的牧民们以公正。（但抗议的组织者不要期望会被宽大处理。）现在政府说为了当地群众的利益，煤矿产业会被勒令叫停。 虽然今年来安保部门加强了对政府批评者的镇压力度并逮捕了许多人，但中共内部在保持长期稳定的最佳途径方面出现了越来越多的分歧迹象。最近，在党的喉舌报纸《人民日报》上所发表的一系列评论采用了令人吃惊的温和论调。在5月26日的一篇评论中说，要保持社会稳定，唯一途径是"保障权利"。但是，即使政治局里有谁持这种观点的话，至少他们还没有公开地站出来这样说。
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| Posted: 02 Jun 2011 09:00 AM PDT 注册到现在这是第二次发帖了，过的话希望大家顶一下，如果被毙了，我也不会埋怨审贴的…………知道这件事不是糗事，或许会被各位糗友喷，但我不在乎………… 我在网上认识了个女孩，通过了解才知道是一个学校的，于是我们便以师兄妹相称。师妹生性活泼、可爱，她的快乐可以感染任何人，接触久了我发现我渐渐的喜欢上了她！几次表白都被拒绝，她总说她配不上我，我一直问她为什么？她总是不说。昨天，她对我说，她从出生就不能行走，到她有记忆的时候腿上已经打的有钢板了，整整十块！她之所以拒绝我，就是因为觉得自己是个残疾配不上我。听完她的话，我的心痛了好久，不是因为她的隐瞒而痛，只是感觉老天很不公平她不过是个不到二十的女孩啊。师妹这几天就要考试了，而且下个月就要做手术了，发此贴只有两个目的：希望师妹考试能通过，手术能顺利完成；二：即使手术失败了，将来不能走路了，我也愿意照顾她一辈子。我不期望全世界都支持我。我只期望师妹不要自卑，要自信、要坚强！师兄永远爱你！也祝各位Q友健康快乐每一天。 本人女，上学的时候很胖，一度成为全校最胖的人，非常出名。现在努力减肥之后比上学时瘦了将近40斤。======================================昨天下午坐车回家，车上遇到一个男生，看着十分眼熟，就是想不起来是谁。他大概看我也眼熟，就问我你是不是某某届某某班的学生。我说是，我们应该是同学。之后就开始各种聊，聊现在的工作，聊以前的同学、老师。他突然问我：你还记得我们班的那个女生吗？就是那个长成那样那样的（边说还边用手比划），长的比猪还胖的那个女生，她现在怎么样了？我一直在想她有没有胖死掉。 我o(╯□╰)o，淡淡的对他说：我就是那个女生......我还没有胖死掉...... 比猪还胖 胖死掉 昨天晚上发生的，刚刚听我朋友说。昨晚与朋友和他两个兄弟吃宵夜，我有事先回来了，朋友与他兄弟喝大了，精虫上脑，便找了个发廊，慰问下失足妇女。完事朋友出来准备结帐，一看旁边有个中年男人也在结帐，背影有点面熟。中年男人转身一看，居然是朋友的女朋友的爸爸，俩人当时楞了半天，朋友才冒了一句：叔叔，你也来玩啊，账我来结吧。他女朋友的爸爸连忙到：不用，不用，我自己来就好。说完丢下钱落落荒而逃。朋友原定今天去女朋友家吃饭，现在在考虑去还是不去。 在日企上班，最近来了一家日本大客户，抠门的日本老板只派了一名中国同事C独立应对，其中一项任务是，为客户在闽粤两省参观10几家工厂做行程计划表，由于工期非常紧加上客户百般刻薄挑剔，使其筋疲力竭，终于在修改了101次交稿的前一天下班时听到这样的对话。 客户（日本人，中文流利）：陈san，你的计划表还是有点问题，里面的每个城市地图都是一个个分开的，我觉得还是合到一张地图里标出来会更好。 C:可是 客户：你可以晚上做一下，应该很快吧 （实际是很麻烦，整个表格式都要调整） C:。。。 C:不能做 客户：什么意思 C:，做不进去，你以为是你们日本啊。。咪咪小一点地方。。一张图就搞定了，我们幅员太辽阔...辽阔了... 中国地图 学长告诉明年大一的小男生四条警告！1. 你们的学姐是我们的 2. 我们的学妹还是我们的..3. 你们将来的学妹也是我们的. 4. 个别情况下，你们...你们...也是我们的...谢谢合作！ 从没过过。这个是前段时间失恋时发了貌似没过的，我觉得已经很糗了。＿＿＿求解脱求考试RP满棚＿＿＿前男友是校草级别的，一直各种桃花不断。和我安稳在一起了快两年，还是分了。分手那天奶茶店最后一次约会，我一直强颜欢笑说我这么好马上就会来新桃花的。后来他先走了，我自己坐那想到以前的甜蜜非常伤心，忍不住哭了。我后面座位一个很清秀的男生过来问我，美女，和男朋友分了吗？ 我当时想，桃花不会来这么快吧。然后回答他，嗯。 没想到他一脸羞涩一脸娇羞的说：那…能不能把他手机号给我～？ 这个男生，问我要前男友的电话？？我真的说不出当时的心情啊。 我觉得我很悲剧。让我的悲剧变成大家的喜剧吧。大大们给过吧，手机发不容易。不喜的请别骂或挖苦，谢谢 老公比我大两岁，胖嘟嘟面相小=======循规蹈矩割=======糗事1、陪他买裤子，试来试去好几条，仨导购都过来帮忙，最后一次终于挑到合适的，进去换裤子时导购说，你对你弟弟真好，这么有耐心~~黑线……不好意思解释说我是他媳妇……糗事2、我们一起参加同学婚礼，和新娘同事一桌，聊开以后旁边一大哥问老公：小伙子你上高几啦？……老公黑线，老哥，我都工作6年了……大哥又指着我问，那这是你姐？……再黑线……糗事3、我去做指甲，老公在旁边看杂志等我，做好以后我高兴的秀给他看，他也点头说好看，做指甲的MM在旁边夸赞说："你儿子真乖，一直在旁边自己乖乖看杂志！有5,6年纪了吧？"……我和老公内牛满面~~~…… MM你就看不到他那一脸串脸胡吗~~~ 有次和男朋友一起看电影 有一段很感人，我就开始擦眼泪 于是我男朋友就搂着我，让我靠他肩膀上 结果现在都想不通为什么当时那么入戏，被感动的哭了快10分钟 我手一直很忙的在擦眼睛，擦眼睛，擦眼睛... 电影院很暗，他看不清我的脸，而且我靠在他肩膀上，位置比他靠前一些，他更看不清我的表情什么的 他只知道我的手一直在脸的位置忙 忙了10分钟还没停，他终于弱弱的问： 你到底是哭了还是在挖鼻屎..... ………… ………… 当时我就出戏了 简短不割，家有2岁萝莉一枚，一日帮忙剥蒜，把剥好的蒜全扔进正在旁边张着大嘴睡觉的爷爷的嘴里。 睡觉 一男同事体院毕业，自说是学体育教育======循规蹈矩割=====糗事1、他女朋友跆拳道系，某日小两口上街在一繁华商业区被仨小偷前后呼应偷了手机和钱包，小两口发现后拉住索要，不料仨贼人高马大气焰十分嚣张，将男同事打翻在地后得意的扬扬手里的钱包准备扬长而去，周围围观群众没人敢上前制止，只见刚回过神来泪流满面的女女一声大吼，接连三个竖劈瞬间将仨贼劈的跪倒在地上，一个倒下昏了，一个血流满面，还有一个清醒的哭了，不停磕头认错……最后在大家热烈的掌声和叫好声中，女女背起不省人事的男同事走了…… 糗事2、后来他俩结婚了……再后来，男同事经常鼻青脸肿的来上班…… 他说就是那次经历激发了她的暴力潜质…… 糗事百科是这个星球上最暴笑的糗事分享网站 :: 立即发表我的糗事 | 查看本月最糗的糗事  |
| Posted: 02 Jun 2011 03:45 PM PDT 一个很了不起的发现 ......>>点击查看新浪博客原文 |
| Chinese users ROAR!! on the Internet Posted: 03 Jun 2011 08:57 AM PDT
World NewsChinese users ROAR!! on the InternetPublished: May 31, 2011 at 3:17 PM Internet censorship hasn't stopped Chinese users from finding ways to express themselves - and loudly.
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| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 08:07 AM PDT 螳臂当车，是的，我永远记得那个穿白衬衫的男孩，正是他的举动让我的信念得以支撑到今天！ |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 07:25 AM PDT
本期抢稿：Rewriting the textbooks: When science gets it wrong
抢稿方法每周五(北京时间晚十点)在科学松鼠会发布待翻译稿件原稿。 刊出原稿后48小时内为试译期，有意参与者期间从原文中挑选一段愿意翻译的文字，翻好发到小红猪专用邮箱jredpig#songshuhui.net。中英对照、长度不限、择优录取。P.S. 要是哪个翻译魔人直接翻完全篇那你中标的机会就大大增加啦！（提交的译文需要是一段英文一段中文交替的格式，便于校对） 试译期过后流程编辑查看邮箱，24小时内挑选出最佳译稿并与该投稿者联络。 抢到稿子者将有2周时间完成翻译。资讯类稿件限时一周。 若抢稿成功者有特殊原因不能完成须及时告知，流程编辑与当初报名的其他译者联系。 抢稿须知自己要把关质量，翻译准确，并做到语句通顺 抢稿前提是看懂，若有N多名词不知道准确含义，请勿抢稿 遇可能的科学术语请通过专业渠道核实译名 人名译法要规范，不能自创（推荐新华社《英语姓名译名手册》） 提交的译文需要是一段英文一段中文交替的格式，便于校对 抢稿者的作品经审核和校对，在群博发文时后边会附上校对打的小红花！ 小红花试行规则如下如果校对觉得："这个译者真靠谱哇！"——译者获5朵小红花； 校对觉得："翻译得认真。"——译者获3.5朵小红花； 校对说："有不少错，可以继续校对。"——译者获2朵小红花； 校对说："让我重译吧……"——译者获0.5朵小红花； 提前交稿——译者额外获1朵小红花。 积分奖励译者积分满10分，可以自行挑选稿件翻译后投递到小红猪邮箱。 译者积分满20分，可报名成为校对，成功校对一篇稿件并发布后，可获3朵小红花。 译者积分满50即可正式晋级"小红猪"，并以此作为申请成为"松鼠"、接受评议的资本之一。
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| Rewriting the textbooks: When science gets it wrong Posted: 03 Jun 2011 07:25 AM PDT
THE business of gaining understanding of the world about us rarely follows a simple path from A to B. False starts, dead ends and U-turns are part of the journey. Science's ability to accept those setbacks with aplomb - to say "we got it wrong", to modify and abandon cherished notions and find new ideas and explanations that better fit the emerging facts - is what gives it incomparable power to make sense of our surroundings. It also means we must be constantly on our toes. While revolutionary new ideas such as evolution by natural selection, or quantum physics, are once-in-a-generation occurrences, the sands of science are continually shifting in less dramatic ways. In the following, we focus on nine recent examples - a tweak of a definition here, a breaking or weakening of a once cast-iron concept there - that together form a snapshot of that process in action. The periodic turntableWe like to think of the periodic table as immutable. It isn't – atoms don't always weigh the same, says Celeste Biever Atoms don't always weigh the sameWe like to think of the periodic table of the elements as immutable. It isn't. Its nether regions have for some time been filling up with new elements that physicists have forged from smaller atoms. Now even its more mundane areas, populated by familiar, everyday elements, are undergoing a fundamental change: elements are losing their precisely defined atomic weights. Atomic weight expresses the average mass of an element's atoms relative to those of other elements. It is not to be confused with atomic number, the unvarying number of protons found in the nucleus of atoms of a particular element. The atomic weight adds the tally of neutrons to this, and that's where the problems start: elements may come in different forms, isotopes, whose atoms contain different numbers of neutrons. To reflect that, the guardians of the periodic table, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), calculated an average atomic weight based on the relative abundances of an element's natural isotopes. Most hydrogen atoms, for example, have a nucleus that contains a single proton and nothing else, but a very few have one or two neutrons, too, leading to an official atomic weight of 1.00794 - till now. The problem with this approach, says Tyler Coplen of the US Geological Survey's Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory in Virginia, is that it perpetuates a misconception. "Teachers are teaching their students that atomic weights are fundamental constants of nature," he says. They are not: the ratio of the different isotopes of a particular element depends on the processes that created, transported or aggregated the material of which it forms part. As water vapour circulates through Earth's atmosphere from the equator to the poles, for example, molecules containing heavier isotopes of hydrogen fall back into the sea earlier. So the average weight of hydrogen atoms tends to be slightly higher in tropical waters than in seas near the poles. For different reasons, the average weight of the carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon called crocetane, seeping through the ocean floor off the coast of Alaska, is 0.01 per cent greater than the periodic table suggests it should be. A continuous stream of new isotopic measurements meant constantly changing atomic weights. "It was driving us crazy," says Coplen. And so it is all change. In December 2010 IUPAC stripped 10 of the most troublesome elements - including hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, sulphur and nitrogen - of their falsely precise atomic weights. Their weights now come as an upper and lower bound taking into account the spread in isotopic ratios in all known terrestrial samples. Hydrogen, for example, is "H [1.00784; 1.00811]" (Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol 83, p 359). Some elements will not be affected by this ongoing switch. Fluorine, aluminium, sodium, gold and 17 other elements have only one stable isotope, so their atomic weight really is a constant of nature. And some highly radioactive elements exist too fleetingly for their atomic weights even to be defined. No such thing as reptilesThe traditional group Reptilia things like lizards, crocodiles, snakes, tortoises plus many extinct groups – is not a true clade, says Graham Lawton Vertebrates used to be so simple. They came in five common-sense categories: amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles. Birds were the winged and feathered ones, reptiles the scaly, cold-blooded ones. And so on. A place for everything and everything in its place. That was before cladistics, a more rational system of taxonomy initiated by the German entomologist Willi Hennig in the 1960s. It analyses shared characteristics and genetic relationships to group species according to their evolutionary ancestry. That sounds fair enough - but strict rationality, it turns out, plays havoc with those familiar groupings. A bright spot is that mammals come through fine: a single ancestral species gave rise to all living and extinct mammals and nothing else. That makes them a logical "clade" that branches away from the rest of the evolutionary tree at a clearly defined point. Birds survive too. But pity the poor reptiles. The traditional group Reptilia - things like lizards, crocodiles, snakes, tortoises plus many extinct groups - is not a true clade, because the common ancestor of all those animals also gave rise, at different points, to mammals and birds. According to cladistics, you can clump these three groups together in a mega-grouping, known as the amniotes, but you cannot hack off a single, consistent reptile branch (see diagram). Amphibians fare a little better, but only the living ones: frogs, toads, newts, salamanders and worm-like caecilians. Include the extinct ones, and you encounter the reptile problem on bigger scale: the relevant clade includes all tetrapods, the four-limbed vertebrates. And don't even start on fish. If you think this is cladistic correctness gone mad, you have a point. For everyday purposes, most biologists are happy to use traditional, common-sense classifications based on obvious characteristics. You won't ever hear them refer to "non-avian, non-mammalian amniotes" when "reptiles" would do. But the term is really a hangover from a less well-informed age. Rewriting the textbooks: Confusion over nuclear fissionWe've built the bomb. We've built reactors. But the whole enterprise of nuclear fission is based on a misunderstanding We've built the bomb. We've built the reactors that provide us with vast amounts of low-carbon power. If that seems remarkable, it becomes all the more so when you realise that the whole enterprise of nuclear fission is based on a misunderstanding. This much we thought we knew: when a susceptible element undergoes fission, it will split into roughly equal parts, and if it doesn't, it is down to "magic" numbers. These numbers spring from an elaborate, but slightly shaky, construction for understanding atomic nuclei. It starts off by imagining a nucleus as a drop of a strangely viscous liquid. When this doesn't quite deliver the desired results, it adds on "shells" that, like the electron shells envisaged to form an atom's outer coat, can each hold a certain number of protons and neutrons. Just as an atom with a full outer electron shell is a peculiarly unreactive noble gas, an outer shell with the right number of protons and neutrons makes a nucleus magically stable. So if an atom doesn't split in exact halves, it will preferentially split to make a magic nucleus or two. Last year, these ideas were put to the test at ISOLDE, a facility for making rare radioactive isotopes at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland, to predict the outcome of fissioning mercury-180. Dividing mercury-180 evenly gives two zirconium-90 nuclei, which just happen to have a magic number of neutrons and an almost magic number of protons. Given all that, says Phil Walker of the University of Surrey in Guildford, UK, to expect exactly that outcome is "a no-brainer". Sadly, mercury-180 doesn't play by the rules. It divides asymmetrically into the distinctly unmagical nuclei ruthenium-100 and krypton-80 (Physical Review Letters, vol 105, p 252502). "It's surprising that a process as basic as fission so obviously does not agree with what is expected," says Walker. The forgotten factor, the ISOLDE team proposes, is time. As a nucleus splits, it elongates and a neck appears between two lobes. Some nuclei, perhaps, simply cannot reach a symmetrical equilibrium before that neck breaks. But as for what nuclear factors determine that - there, the experts are split. Hydrogen bonds in a bindChemistry is a much fuzzier business than we thought There is a reason why ice floats on water, and it is called the hydrogen bond. Whatever that is. Nobel laureate Linus Pauling thought he knew. In fact, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), which concerns itself with such things, still bases its official definition on the one that appears in Pauling's classic 1939 book The Nature of the Chemical Bond. A hydrogen bond, in this picture, is what forms when a hydrogen atom that is already stably bound into one molecule finds itself attracted to a highly electronegative atom - one like oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine that likes to suck in electrons and turn into a negatively charged ion - elsewhere in the same molecule or in a nearby molecule. Take good old H2O. The two hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bound covalently, through shared electrons, to its central oxygen atom. But should a second water molecule come near, the electron orbiting one of the hydrogen atoms can be drawn towards the second molecule's electron-hungry oxygen. Ice is less dense than liquid water because, when water molecules are cold and still, weak hydrogen bonds between them keep them consistently at arm's length. In free-flowing water, however, the bonds are continually breaking and reforming, allowing the molecules to jostle closer together. That is all fine and dandy. But this traditional picture also implies a strict range of admissible hydrogen-bond strengths. Over the past 40 years, though, reams of evidence about much weaker bonds, including ones between hydrogen and elements like carbon, which are not very electronegative, have come to light. Six years ago, IUPAC set up a committee to clear up the confusion. Its conclusion, set out in a seven-page draft redefinition published last year, is that the hydrogen bond is a far fuzzier entity than we thought. "It is not an interaction with sharp boundaries," says Gautam Desiraju from the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, a member of the IUPAC committee. This is about more than just semantics, Desiraju says. A new definition will counter a widespread misconception among chemists about when and where hydrogen bonds can occur, and encourage them to consider the bond's influence in new situations - for example, in allowing organic molecules to form and react in ways never thought possible. Exploring such avenues could help steer us away from our current dependence on toxic and expensive catalysts containing precious metals towards cheaper, greener organic-based alternatives. When a gene isn't a geneWhat defines life's building blocks? It depends who you ask, says Michael Le Page As Gregor Mendel showed in painstaking experiments on peas in the 19th century, many traits of living things are all or nothing. Seeds are either green or yellow, round or wrinkled, and so on. This led to the idea that an organism's characteristics are determined by discrete "particles" passed from one generation to the next: genes. But what is a gene? This question seemed to be settled with the discovery of the function of DNA in the 1950s. A gene, biologists agreed, was a DNA sequence that encoded the instructions for making a protein, the molecules that do all the work in living things. Half a century on, such harmony has vanished. We now know that a single "gene" can consist of dozens of distinct DNA segments that can be combined to make thousands of different proteins; that overlapping DNA sequences can encode quite distinct proteins; and that a few proteins are encoded by combining pieces of what were regarded as separate genes. Even more confusingly, we are discovering ever more DNA sequences that are not blueprints for making proteins, but instead code for RNA molecules that carry out various functions directly. "If you open the door to RNA, it gets much more complicated," says Mark Gerstein, a bioinformatics researcher at Yale University. Reverting to an updated version of the original idea, and defining a gene simply as a DNA segment that affects the characteristics of offspring - by whatever means - doesn't help. That's because it would mean the inclusion not just of protein or RNA-encoding DNA segments, but also a myriad of regulatory DNA sequences that switch those segments' activity on or off. These days, then, what a gene is depends on who you ask. Gerstein has suggested it be defined, in simplified terms, as a union of sequences that encodes one or more "functional products". But he readily admits this is a fudge. "What is function?" he asks. "What does it mean?" A gene that is important for survival in one species may have become redundant in a closely related strain, for instance, even though the sequence is identical. Does that make it a gene in one species and not in the other? Microscopes without frontiersWe used to think there was a fundamental physical barrier to how powerful a microscope could be. Perhaps, but not the one we thought, says Sally Adee Microscopes are good, but not that good. The view through them gets prohibitively fuzzy when you try to look at things smaller than half the wavelength of the light used for imaging; for visible light, that is anything below a few hundred nanometres. Many things we would like to see in intimate detail, such as the processes that sustain life, are at far smaller scales than that. We used to think of this "diffraction limit" as a fundamental physical barrier, caused by the bending and spreading out of light waves whenever they encounter an obstacle such as the lens of a microscope. Not any more. The rot started with electron microscopes, which exploit the tiny wavelengths of electrons to image objects just a few nanometres across. Unfortunately, living cells cannot survive being bombarded by electrons. So to expose life's little secrets, we need to break light's diffraction limit using light itself. The near-field scanning optical microscope, invented in 1984, does just that. It harnesses short-lived light waves that form along a material's surface when it is illuminated. These "evanescent waves" do not have a chance to diffract, and capturing them before they disappear brings the size of the object that can be viewed down to about 50 nanometres. The downside is that to do that, the microscope's aperture must stick very close to the sample, so you can only see a bit of it at any one time. A far zippier solution is stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Laser beams are shot at a sample to produce distinctive patterns of fluorescence with a resolution of just 5 nanometres - only twice the width of a DNA molecule. That works whether the sample is living or dead. "The beauty is you can image anything with STED," says Garth Simpson of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. The cutting edge now is diffraction-busting superlenses made from nano-engineered "metamaterials", which could exploit evanescent waves while allowing a variable focus over a larger area. But even as we leave the diffraction limit behind, a more formidable barrier comes into view. As we enter the quantum realm, the notorious uncertainty principle, which limits any measurement's accuracy, threatens to irrevocably blur our sight. Noah's shrinking arkAsk a taxonomist to estimate Earth's total inventory of species, and they'll probably say 30 million. That is almost certainly a huge overestimate, saysKate Douglas Humans have been systematically naming species for just over 200 years. Discounting bacteria and viruses, which are not easily pigeonholed, we have logged 1.7 million so far. Ask a taxonomist to estimate Earth's total inventory, and the most commonly touted figure is some 30 million species. That is almost certainly a huge overestimate. It dates from 1982, when Terry Erwin of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC took a headcount of beetles - Earth's most richly speciated group of animals - living in the canopy of a single type of tropical tree in Panama. He extrapolated his tally of 1143 species to arrive at a figure of 30 million tropical arthropods worldwide (The Coleopterist's Bulletin, vol 35, p 74). This phylum of invertebrates, which includes insects and spiders, is thought to account for around one-third of Earth's total species. So even if Erwin's number had been right, it should have translated into there being some 100 million species worldwide. Erwin's work relied on a series of estimates and assumptions, such as the proportion of arthropods that are beetles, the total number of tropical tree species there are, and how picky beetles are when it comes to choosing the type of tree to live on. Last year, Andrew Hamilton at the University of Melbourne, Australia, and his colleagues took all these factors into consideration in a new statistical analysis based on beetle counts in 56 species of tree in Papua New Guinea. They came up with a far lower figure for the arthropods - just 2.5 million species or thereabouts (American Naturalist, DOI: 10.1086/652998). Multiply this by three, and you come to a total of fewer than 8 million species. Hamilton goes even lower, arguing that vertebrates and plants have been more thoroughly catalogued than tropical arthropods. "The magic number is 5.5 million," he says (New Scientist, 12 June 2010, p 4). Having a firmer idea of the diversity of life makes it easier to conserve. But even with just 4 million more species to discover, it seems unlikely that the rate at which we find new ones will exceed that at which we are extinguishing others. Magnetic north without southWhatever undergraduate physicists are told, magnetic poles do indeed enjoy the single life, says Richard Webb "THERE ARE NO MAGNETIC MONOPOLES". The garish pink capitals in which the lecturer chalked those words up on the blackboard remain etched in my mind, an indelible memory from my first year as an undergraduate physicist. That was 1997. How the world has changed. Or not. The cosmic monopole remains as elusive as ever. This freely moving particle, predicted by many grand theories of the universe, is thought to carry a single quantum of magnetic "charge", rather as an electron carries a single unit of electric charge. As far as we can tell, though, nature only supplies magnetic charges, or poles, in pairs - the inseparable north and south poles of the bar magnets beloved of school science demonstrations, for example. Why, we are not quite sure. But it turns out we can make our own monopoles (New Scientist, 9 May 2009, p 29) Now here's the trick. At very low temperatures, a class of exotic materials known as spin ices exist in a "frustrated" magnetic state. Their atoms would dearly love to align magnetically, but they are corralled into a tight crystal structure that stops them from doing so - unless, that is, you raise the temperature just a little. That enables a single atom to flip its poles into the right alignment, setting off a domino effect of further flips that can pass through the solid crystal (see YouTube video atbit.ly/j7hcYs). "In all practical senses, that amounts to a freely propagating magnetic charge," says Steve Bramwell of University College London. In March this year, he and his colleagues announced that they had managed to store long-lived monopole current in the magnetic equivalent of a capacitor, a first step towards fully fledged "magnetronic" circuitry (Nature Physics, vol 7, p 252). At the moment, such devices remain a curiosity, but that doesn't mean they won't be useful in the future, says Bramwell. After all, "for a long time, electricity had no obvious use". Einstein's cosmological fudgeAlbert Einstein's towering reputation is only enhanced by his self-styled biggest blunder. It might not have been a mistake after all, says Richard Webb Albert Einstein's towering reputation is only enhanced by his self-styled biggest blunder. It might not have been a blunder after all. At stake is the fate of the universe. In 1915, Einstein derived the equations of general relativity that describe the workings of a gravity-dominated cosmos. He added a fudge factor called the cosmological constant to ensure that, in keeping with contemporary tastes, the universe described neither expanded nor contracted. Soon after, though, Edwin Hubble showed that distant galaxies were receding from us, blowing the static universe apart. Einstein reputedly disowned his idea. He might now want to disown the disowning. The discovery in 1998 that very distant supernovae appear to be not just receding but accelerating away from us suggests the presence of a mysterious "dark energy" that counteracts gravity's pull (The Astronomical Journal, vol 116, p 1009). And it turns out that a good way to reproduce this effect is to add the fudge back into Einstein's cosmological recipe. That is not to everyone's taste, largely because no one knows what dark energy might be. Some cosmologists favour other solutions. If Earth were at the heart of a giant cosmic void, for instance, that too would create the illusion that the distant cosmos is flying away from us. But that would involve abandoning an idea we have held dear for centuries: the "Copernican principle" which says that Earth's place in the universe is not at all special (New Scientist, 15 November 2008, p 32). Working out the true story may take some time. But if the evidence collected on these pages is anything to go by, science rarely shies away from slaughtering its sacred cows. |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 07:02 AM PDT 转帖：中国公民参选基层人大热潮 江迅 【原载《亚洲周刊》】
中国七月始在全国展开基层人大代表换届选举。作家李承鹏在微博上宣布自荐参选，获百万粉丝支持，助选团顾问包括于建嵘、冯小刚、韩寒，众多网络知识分子也参选，民众不愿意「被代表」，预测将有上百万独立候选人出现，为中国政治带来新活力。
被称为「微博达人」的作家李承鹏，五月二十五日透过微博率先公开确认参选基层人民代表，此后，一股「公民自荐参选人大代表风」迅猛刮起，引起社会强烈关注和广泛热议。据不完全统计，仅新浪微博，五月二十六日至少有九人表明独立自荐参选；二十七日至少有十八人表明独立自荐参选；二十八日至少有三十一人表明独立自荐参选；二十九日至少有近百人表明，依法独立自荐参选所在地基层人大代表。长期研究中国选举问题的北京政治学者、世界与中国研究所所长李凡，早在两个多月前接受亚洲周刊采访时就预言，「今届基层人大直选，参选的独立候选人会比上届多十倍，估计会多达百万人」，此言可望成真，中国公民自荐参选基层人民代表，步入体制内参政议政，凝聚成一股政治改革大潮。
网络名人投身竞选
在这股微博上刮起的参选风中，有天涯小区商务运营总监梁树新、中国作家协会会员夏商（夏文煜）、中国政法大学副教授吴丹红、英文《中国日报》总编辑助理五岳散人（姚博）、北京新启蒙公民参与立法研究中心负责人熊伟、杭州普通市民徐彦、梁永春、福州市民雁南飞（林斌），江苏常州市、浙江长兴县、湖北武汉等地都有博主、网民宣称将参选当地基层人大代表。广东深圳福田区的一位尚未足十八岁的刘若曦，也表明要参选区人大代表。他在微博上说，「今天，我离十八足岁还有十几天（今届基层人大代表选举，全国各地七月陆续开始——记者注），我征求了父母的意见，现决定参选区人大代表」。他们正寻觅选民联名推荐，据全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法规定，选民或者代表十人以上联名，即可以推荐代表候选人参选。
「选择了我，就是选择你自己」，是李承鹏的参选口号。昵称「李大眼」的李承鹏，微博的认证身份是「时评人」、「作家」，在新浪微博拥有二百九十多万「粉丝」，人气极高。二十五日中午，他在微博上说，「本人将于今年九月正式参选人大代表，在户口所在地成都，组成参选班子，严格遵守我国宪法参选相关规定。此想法去年已微博公布，现思考良久正式参选，本人是合法公民，无任何势力操纵，愿为选区人民表达他们之合法愿景，监督政府，推动社会。恳请各界人士指点参选路径及办法。同意的举手」。是日晚上八点，这条微博已被转发近三千多次，评论二千七百多条。
广东深圳，五月二十九日上午十点半，李承鹏仍睡意朦胧，此前通宵达旦观赏欧冠足球赛电视。他从四川省成都来深圳，是受邀在书城签售最新力作《李可乐抗拆记》的。当接到亚洲周刊记者电话，问他参选的事时，睡意全无。他说，「在确认参选后，开始有点孤独感，但不出一两天，就有数十人自荐参选，看来许多人的想法是和我一样的。在屋子里众人感到很闷，我不小心触动了公民的一扇窗户，大家感受到一股新鲜空气，于是纷纷打开其它窗户。我有了些成就感」，「我个人的一小步，却是中国公民的一大步。希望更多的李承鹏、夏商出现，这样我们的国家才是真正强大的、智慧的」。
李承鹏说：「我们虽然都是中国公民，但对选举选票却是非常陌生的。我其实是见过选票，那是大学时期，选票是和饭票一起见到的。那个中午，阳光灿烂得掉渣，我和几个同学在寝室打麻将赌饭票，输狠了的老大付帐时不小心扔出一票，才想起皱巴巴揣了多日的选票。那选票长得跟饭票差不多，但盖的并非食堂的蓝印三角章，而是圆形大红章。我们不屑这些选票，等麻将告一段落才瞄清，选票上是两个候选人，一个是校长，一个是党委办主任。对于这么新奇的一个事物，大家一时纠结，除了在张贴栏宣布处分违纪学生时见过这两个名字，面目模糊。后来又打了一盘麻将，和了的人决定选谁。我和了，决定选校长，理由很简单，他给我们签发毕业证。」
选票是最重要的饭票
他说，他不是很好的选民。后来，他才逐渐意识到选票是最重要的「饭票」，人生没有比权利、比选票更重要的「饭票」了。二零一零年底的一天，他在微博上写了句「我要参选人大代表」。SOHO中国的老总潘石屹看到他的「参选」微博，立即发了多条微博，教他走什么程序会更好。他那条微博转发率特高，不一会就有八千多条。不过，不久他的那条微博竟然被「和谐」掉了。
李承鹏说：「其实，我是个很温和的人，我只有生活主张，没有什么政治倾向。天下大事，油盐柴米，我们只是讨生活而已。我只是行使一个公民很简单的想法。问题是，执政者连这都接受不了，刘萍这类事件发生，令我反而认真起来。中国社会科学院学者于建嵘也发微博鼓励我参选。我原本想低调，想安全些，顺利些，不想面临有"中国特色"的压力，选择时机再公布我的参选态度，于建嵘率先披露我的参选意愿，我不能不作确认。」
他说，「被选举权是国家赋予我们的"武器"。之前，我对《选举法》等法律并不熟悉，现在在学习宪法和人大代表选举法，发现原来我们有这么多的权利，我想实践一下，看看自己能否成为合格的人大代表。我以前是记者，现在是作家，应该说，对社会的底层还比较了解。我其实是个代言人，百姓有那么多想表达的，却苦于找不到合适的平台」。
韩寒愿站台助选
据悉，李承鹏有了参选大纲，目标是「必须选上」，目前正组建助选班子，有学者、律师、文化名人组成顾问团，其中有学者于建嵘、导演冯小刚、作家韩寒，他们都愿意到成都为他站台助选。
李承鹏将参选的是他所在的成都武侯区的区人大代表直选。他所居住的小区是知识分子、白领聚居的地方。他力求多多倾听选区居民诉求，希望能帮助他们与政府沟通。他将关注医疗、教育、农业等方面的问题，例如农业方面，农民种了水果、蔬菜，卖得很便宜，到了超市价格却很贵，政府在这个方面应该有所作为，减少流通环节。关于这些问题，他都会有详细计划递交政府。他说，「这是一个浩大工程。我要代表人民说话。我们不外乎推动社会进步，普及文明。我们不只是要监督政府，更重要是帮助政府让选民、居民有更优质的生活，拥有应有的政治权利。政府与人民也不是对立的。微博能与选民很好地沟通，我也可以更好地接受选民监督。这事原本就不是洪水猛兽，只是有些人由于特殊的历史原因，有点过度紧张。目前，没有任何方面跟我打招呼，给我压力」。
正在台湾的世界与中国研究所所长李凡，受邀从北京到台北参加学术活动。五月二十九日，他接受访问时说，今届基层人大代表换届选举七月各地陆续开始，但现在已经极为热闹了。江西省新余市渝水区作选举试点。二零一零年选举法修改，增加了一个章节，关于选举委员会的。其中有一条规定，选举委员会应避免人员冲突，要实行回避政策。选举由人大领导，但人大主任、副主任又都是代表，按回避原则，他们就不能「领导」这场选举，包括党委书记。要回避，就令当局不知该怎么办，必须回避，又不知该怎么回避。江西省新余就选择一个区作试点。
李凡说：「没想到，随着社会问题暴露得越来越多，社会矛盾也越来越大。老百姓用尽一切所能用的办法，除了上访，除了围攻政府，除了法律诉讼，还有就是参选人大代表。江西省新余市渝水区的试点，竟发生独立自荐候选人刘萍事件。」
刘萍是江西新余钢铁厂的职工，二零零九年内部退休，几年来一直为带薪休假和享受加班工资而维权。这次区人大代表选举，刘萍觉得作为一名普通工人维权太难，于是就产生当人大代表的想法，她的想法得到很多市民和同事支持。刘萍说：「人大代表的权限是非常大的，可以联名罢免不合格的领导，联名提议检察院副检察长、法院副院长等。我的权利一直被侵害，我被代表了，所以我希望大家能利用手中的武器，也就是选票来捍卫自己尊严。」刘萍的联名推荐人超过法定人数，但她最终没有进入正式代表候选人名单，在投票日前几天，刘萍遭警方约谈而「失踪」了，直到选举完才重获自由。此事在网络上广为传播，经过多家主流媒体报道，当地官员不得不出面解释，可是质疑声依然不断。
新华社报道说，依据江西省新余钢铁集团有限公司选举工作指导组办公室透露，刘萍未被列为候选人，是因联名推荐她的人数不够选举法要求，共有十七人签名推荐刘萍作为代表候选人，其中五人不是选区选民，三人退出签名，二人在新钢选区查无此人，所以有效推荐的只有七人，没有达到法定十人以上的人数规定。不过，这种说法广遭质疑。
深圳电视台支持刘萍
李凡说，前几天他在深圳，电视台播出刘萍事件，先说了新华社的报道，最后播出一个画面：十五个推荐刘萍的选民的签名信原件，还说「经确认，这十五个选民符合规定」。深圳就不信新华社的报道。渝水区至少有四五个独立候选人，有的是上访人，有的是工人，他们遇到问题却无处申诉，于是就自荐参选人大代表。新余的渝水区开展试点，原本是关于选举委员会的，但当局没想到，竟出来一堆独立候选人。对此，中央都不知该怎么反应。全国一批主流媒体记者争先赶去新余采访刘萍，纷纷报道事件，令当局措手不及。这就像二零零三年换届人大代表选举，深圳、湖北和北京等地出来一大批自荐候选人，热闹异常，学者举办研讨会，零六、零七年换届选举，当局下了不准这不准那的规定，将选举控制住了，自荐候选人一个一个被去除了。当局原以为今次换届选举也能控制，未料刘萍事件刺激了各地选民。 李凡说：「网络公众人物参选人大代表，是合法、正常地行使公民权利，是公民政治参与的一种进步。运用微博表态参选，表明中国百姓有政治参与的意愿，却没渠道参与，自荐参选成了重要渠道。到今天为止，中央对此没有说什么话。」 |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 06:25 AM PDT |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 07:01 AM PDT
根據官網說明，SMPlayer致力於成為MPlayer, 的完整前端程序，從基本的視頻，DVD和VCD播放功能，到高級的功能，如支持MPlayer濾鏡等。 SMPlayer最有趣的功能之一是：它能記住 你播放任何文件時候的設置。你開始看一部電影，卻不得不中斷一會兒 ……別擔心，當你再次打開那部電影，它會 從你中斷的地方繼續播放，使用同樣的設置：音軌 ，字幕，音量…… 其他有趣的功能：
[維基百科介紹]：SMPlayer [軟體下載網站]：http://smplayer.sourceforge.net/index.php?tr_lang=zh [支援作業系統]：MS Window, Linux [支援語言]：多國語言(含繁簡中英文) [授權條款]：GNU General Public License Version 2(GPL v2) [註]：
UMPlayer 其全稱為 Universal Multimedia Player，它改自 SMPlayer，是一款橫跨多個平台的全能型影音播放器。 UMPlayer 不是簡單的對 SMPlayer 進行再分發，而是包含一些獨特的特性，相信這些特性會得到用戶的認可和喜愛，比如：
詳細特色請見UMPlayer playback features [軟體下載網站]：http://www.umplayer.com/ [支援作業系統]：MS Window, Mac OSX, Linux [支援語言]：多國語言(含繁簡中英文) [授權條款]：GNU General Public License Version 3(GPL v3) [註]： 原文連結： http://richardfx.blogspot.com/2011/06/smplayerumplayer.html |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 05:08 AM PDT ——其实是一份名目，不完全地收录了我的博文被新浪博客一次次和谐掉的名称和时间。 因为在国内博客码字的缘故，我一向很小心，即便如此，这被和谐掉的文章也不在少数，而且有些的确是冤枉的。倘若我直抒胸臆文不加点率尔操觚倚马可待，则这份名单还要更长更长更长长。 二战结束后，审判纳粹士兵为何要向手无寸铁的人开枪，回答这是命令，是的，这是命令，但你也可以枪法不那么准的，也可以不那么凶狠残暴的。这是命令、这是上面的压力，不是你逃避审判的借口。如果非要删除，哪怕给博主们一个备份？这点应该是最基本的吧？但新浪还是做不到。 不能让他们觉得删了就是删了，所以我复制粘贴出来这一份不完全名单，张贴公告于博客显著位置。——在每年敏感日的前夜，在黎明到来前的黑暗中。  |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 06:43 AM PDT Dina Fainberg在The Dustbin of History谈到《我的改革》，"美国导演（Robin Hessman）拍摄的一部动人的纪录片，描述俄罗斯的四个同学经历了布里兹涅夫到普亭的转变之后，各自所受到的影响。"她也提到纪录片在伦敦放映后的座谈会。 作者 Veronica Khokhlova · 译者 Shanta · 阅读原文 [en] · 则留言 (0) |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 06:34 AM PDT 造访梅克里特・哈德洛（Meklit Hadero）的部落格。音乐人梅克里特"生于埃塞俄比亚、在美国长大并且深受旧金山缤纷多彩的艺术氛围影响，这位人气歌手具体表现了不同的文化。" 作者 Ndesanjo Macha · 译者 Shanta · 阅读原文 [en] · 则留言 (0) |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 06:29 AM PDT 《东南亚音乐档案》提供大量有关东南亚各国音乐的精彩资料，其中又以越南、柬埔寨与泰国的资料最为丰富。 作者 Mong Palatino · 译者 Shanta · 阅读原文 [en] · 则留言 (0) |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 06:23 AM PDT Macarena在Pires Mio[西文]宣布，乌拉圭也开始推动阿根廷的"我读了这本书"（Yo Leí Este Libro）计划。发起人在官方网站[西文]说明进行方式：你在街头留下一本书（例如，放在长凳上），某个人发现了这本书，把书读完，再把书放到别处让另一个人捡起来读。 作者 Silvia Viñas · 译者 Shanta · 阅读原文 [en] · 则留言 (0) |
| Posted: 03 Jun 2011 05:12 AM PDT 我只是忧伤，不是迷惘
有些痛只有忍着，有些苦只有憋着。 那天出生的孩子们，今年都22岁了。 那天死去的青年，现在都已经成为中年了。 那天的风飘到现在，也已经坠落尘土里了。 那些年代发生的故事，在那些深夜，跟星星一起闪亮。。。 那些黑暗，该见光了吧！ 
姚小远2011年6月3日星期五 19:43晴上海 |
科学的发展，本就是一个不断试错的过程，书写千遍，或许才能收获一条传世的公式。即使是天才如TBBT中的Sheldon，屋中的那块白板上书写的公式，或许也不会是一蹴而就。
原文：
. If imbued with a quantum-mechanical property known as spin, individual atoms act as tiny bar magnets with north and south poles. Get the atoms' polar axes to align, and the material itself becomes magnetic.
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