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| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 01:36 PM PST 在D&G事件上、保安說「內地人攝影就無問題」、本人懷疑有人在幕後故意製造、分裂港人與內地人的關係、增加對立矛盾。這極有可能是中共背後的陰謀、通過製造港人與內地人的矛盾對立、從而減弱港人運用言論自由的平台、去影響中國民主發展。大家要小心、不要被利用。 譴責D&G當然有其必要、但千萬不要加深對內地人的分離感！內地及港人(及全世界)要團結、才可以有效對付中共這惡魔！ | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 05 Jan 2012 08:00 AM PST 标题：公交车 顶208:: 拍-12:: 53条评论 这只小蜗牛，感动了无数人，当有过不去的时候，想想它 顶207:: 拍-48:: 48条评论 本人大三学生一枚，今年期末考试去自习，看到惊人一幕。才知道咱们占位都弱爆了 顶127:: 拍-8:: 38条评论 三个小时前 我们寝室小儿说她开了闹钟 要第一个跟我说生日快乐 于是我撑着眼皮等她 三个小时过后 闹钟响了 她关了 翻了个身 继续睡 现在磨牙呢 顶121:: 拍-4:: 43条评论 多次发，没过过，直接上图。 顶116:: 拍-5:: 22条评论 小鸭子错把猫头鹰当成了妈妈啦!于是出现了极其有爱的一幕 亮点是猫头鹰无奈的表情 顶124:: 拍-16:: 24条评论 1楼. 它界面丑陋，它UI粗糙，它服务器不稳定，它用户体验更是烂到极点。但它却是史上最牛逼电商！未做一分钱的广告，短短数日全球ALEXA排名260，日订单量有望第一、不愁销售额、转化率当之无愧的第一。它就是——中国铁路网~ 顶113:: 拍-8:: 29条评论 本人小警察一个……爆个昨天发生的事。昨天下班我就把小棉夹克放办公室了，结果被所里一个联防穿去了。这货居然去找小姐。被抓了有木有。被照相了有没有。照的是我的警号有木有。然后被领导莫名其妙的骂了一顿。老婆还误会有木有。刚处理完。不知道算不算糗。 顶110:: 拍-6:: 25条评论 顶98:: 拍-14:: 16条评论 儿子上小学，学校投票一般是用"正"字写在姓名后面计票，此为背景。 顶77:: 拍-2:: 14条评论 发表我的糗事 | 手机用户请访问m.qiushibaike.com  | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 02:00 PM PST
真相： U盘包装上写明的容量与电脑显示出的容量值不相符，是否一定说明U盘制造商偷工减料，弄虚作假，欺骗消费者了呢？其实问题出在了对于1GB这个单位有多大，业界存在两种不同的理解方式。 我们从国际通用的计量单位开始讲起。1毫米，1厘米，1米，1千米这样的描述，大家一定都很熟悉，它们之间的换算或者10倍，或者100倍，或者1000倍，都是十的倍数，也就是十进制。 如果用数字表示一百万米或者十亿米，普通青年会直接写1000000米/1000000000米，文艺青年或许会写成1，000，000米/1，000，000，000米，另一类青年则会这么写：1M米/1G米。 在国际单位制里，1k表示1000，1M表示1000k，也就是106，1G表示1000M，也就是109。[3] 不过一般在表示长度的时候，用1M米，1G米的青年并不多。生活中使用M，G比较明显的例子是无线电波的频率，比如微波炉电磁波频率是2.45GHz，也就是2.45*109Hz。 按理说，国际单位制里M,G适用于各个领域，可以说1G米，1GHz，也可以说1G摄氏度，1G吨，1G伏电压等等，但是用G和M表示信息容量大小的时候，就出现了小小争议。 在电脑里，无论多眩的画面，多复杂的功能，多给力的软件，无论储存在硬盘、光碟还是U盘上，到最后都是分解成一大堆按顺序排列的数字0和数字1来储存。换句话说，这是个二进制的世界，其中单个0或者单个1称为一个bit，通常把8个bit合在一起，比如10011011，称为一个Byte。 U盘容量指的就是这个U盘可以储存多少个Byte。如果1MB就是106Byte,1GB就是109Byte，就什么问题也不会有了。但是在电脑世界里，2Byte，4Byte，8Byte，16Byte……1024Byte这样以2的次方数为"批量"处理Byte会方便一些，更整齐一些，于是就有了另一种定义，1GB=1024MB，1MB=1024KB，1kB=1024Byte，这样算来，1GB不是1,000,000,000 Bytes而是1024*1024*1024=1,073,741,824Bytes。[4] 1000和1024这两种换算方法各有各的道理，前者是遵循国际单位制，与其他单位接轨，后者对于计算机的运算更方便一些。为了避免混乱标注现象的延续，国际电工协会（IEC）在1999年拟定了"KiB"、"MiB"、"GiB"等一批新的二进制单位，专用来标示"1024进位"的数据大小[5]。而后，这一标注规范又于2008年并入国际标准化组织（ISO）文件，成为国际通行的标准——至此，GB与GiB的分野才开始明晰。[6] 由于计算机行业的迅速发展，标准的设立又较为滞后，大量已存的误标未被及时修改，成为了"历史遗留问题"。目前硬件制造商，包括U盘制造商使用的都是国际单位制的GB单位（1000换算的）来标示容量，但我们熟悉的Windows系统，就依旧以"GB"字样来表示"GiB"单位（1024换算的）。苹果电脑的OSX系统也曾存在这一问题，不过新的版本已经将容量单位修正为名副其实的国际单位制"GB"。在下图里，同一个硬盘在Mac OS X10.5操作系统里和Mac OS X10.6系统里显示的"大小"却不相同，原因正是10.5系统使用了GiB单位，10.6系统使用了GB单位。[7]  【同一个硬盘在Mac OS X10.5操作系统里和Mac OS X10.6系统里显示的"容量"，因为单位标准不同，数值也不相同。图片来自：pcedu.pconline.com.cn[5]】 同样道理，1个8G的U盘(GB单位)，如果没有造假，在windows系统里显示的大小会是8000,000,000/1,073,741,824=7.45GiB，也就是在"我的电脑"里显示是"7.45GB"。这个"显示容量只是标称容量93%"的Ｕ盘其实是正常现象，并没有缩水。 结论：谣言粉碎。 这项调查忽视了硬件制造商和电脑操作系统之间使用的单位换算差异问题，误将正常的数值差异当成了Ｕ盘缩水。 修订说明：文章新补充了关于GiB标准的更多说明，感谢 @菊 提供的大力支持。 参考资料：
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| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 12:38 PM PST 人类活动造成湿地日益减少和退化加剧，对迁徙水鸟的生存带来严重威胁，因而引起世界各国政府与非政府组织的关注。从1960年代开始人们就开始探讨这个问题，并于1971年2月2日在位于里海南岸伊朗的拉姆萨尔（Ramsar）召开会议，签订了有史以来第一项全球性环境生态保护的政府间公约，即《关于特别是作为水禽栖息地的国际重要湿地公约》（The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat），简称《湿地公约》，习惯上人们也常常将它称为《拉姆萨尔公约》。  2012年世界湿地日宣传画（湿地公约官网） 湿地公约的发起国有18个，到前年老挝加入，缔约成员已经达到160个。截至去年年底，在国际重要湿地名录上登记的湿地有1970块，总面积超过190万平方公里。美国在1987年正式加入湿地公约，目前在湿地名录上登记的重要湿地有30块，总面积1.65万平方公里。中国在1992年加入公约，目前登录有41块重要湿地，总面积为3.71万平方公里。 湿地公约于1975年底生效，次年建立了公约秘书处。1996年秘书处决定将2月2日定为世界湿地日，在各国开展保护湿地的活动。1997年举行了第一届名为"湿地是生命之源"的纪念活动，今年是第15届世界湿地日。与历届活动都聚焦于向公众普及湿地常识，推动对湿地的保护有所不同，今年的主题是"湿地与旅游"（Wetlands and Tourism），它与定于今年7月在罗马尼亚首都布加勒斯特举行的第11届公约缔约成员大会主题——湿地，旅游与休闲——保持一致，将湿地保护与人们日常休闲活动和旅游经济联系起来，目的当然还是推动对迁徙水鸟与湿地生态的保护，不过做法更加务实。 在美国，那些在国际重要湿地名录上登记的湿地，例如远近驰名的佛罗里达州大沼泽国家公园，很早就将湿地与休闲旅游结合起来。不大引人注目的是，许多地方还建有为数众多、大小不一的湿地保护区，居民可以就近到那里去休闲散步，学校或童子军可以组织孩子们去那里参观学习。人们去那里欣赏花木，观鸟赏鱼，了解湿地对良性生态环境的重要性，养成对大自然的崇敬和关爱，一生受益无穷。 我自己最常去的一个湿地保护区叫做"朱莉·梅斯湿地保护区"（Julie J. Metz Wetlands Mitigation Bank），位于一条名叫尼亚博斯科的溪流注入本地主要河流波托马克河的入口，距离我家开车只有10分钟的路程，只要天气好，隔三差五就会去走一趟。 朱莉·梅斯湿地保护区是弗吉尼亚州第一个由美国陆军工程兵部审核批准、由民间组织建设的湿地保护区，涵盖总面积将近92公顷，其中88公顷为原生或受保护的湿地，另外还包括81公顷原生湿地及其坡地缓冲区。从1994年到1997年，由"湿地研究与解决方案公司"出资在保护区内分阶段建设了12.4公顷人工湿地，将它们出售给那些因为地产开发占用了湿地、按照法律规定必须择地补偿的房地产开发商，是解决土地开发与湿地生态环境保护之间矛盾的一种有效办法。 朱莉·梅斯是陆军工程兵的环境生态学家，年仅38岁因乳腺癌于1995年去世。朱莉生前担任联邦政府部门间负责制定湿地保护政策的工作小组主席，为了纪念她对湿地保护作出的贡献，陆军工程兵和湿地研究与解决方案公司决定以她的名字为这个保护区命名。 2000年4月，湿地研究与解决方案公司将这个保护区无偿赠送给威廉王子县，成为县里的一个公园。在这个湿地保护公园里面，有可供步行的小径和休息用的木凳，还建有观鸟屋和学习讲解区，人们在这里观察到160多种鸟类，还有各种昆虫和植物花卉在这里栖息生长。自从这个湿地保护区建成以来，它就成了附近居民和中小学生喜爱的休闲与学习场所。 自从400年前欧洲殖民者在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯敦登岸以来，现在弗吉尼亚州土地上的湿地已经消失了42%。到1970年代末期，弗吉尼亚州的各类湿地只剩下不到41万公顷。人们将湿地排干积水或填土变成农田，建设工厂、修建道路和城乡开发也占用了大片湿地，河口与沼泽地带原生植被的湿地损失特别严重。亡羊补牢，为时未晚。让我们大家都来爱护大自然赐予人类的宝贵湿地资源。  朱莉·梅斯湿地保护公园
 朱莉·梅斯湿地保护公园内有可供步行的小径，还建有观鸟屋和学习讲解区，可以观赏多种鸟类、昆虫和植物花卉
 依据法律，无论公私建设项目如果不得不占用现有湿地，必须另外择地建设不小于所占湿地面积的人工湿地。这是威尔逊大桥改建工程新建的人工湿地之一（威尔逊大桥工程局网站） | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 07:45 AM PST 据悉金正日死后，路透社与美联社的共同报导总结了朝鲜的10个特写画面。10个事实勾画出朝鲜孤立于国际社会的原因。路透社与美联社的共同报导中写道，朝鲜拥有世界上最大的军队之一，但其营养不良的百姓明显矮于半岛南部的同族人。 报导列出了朝鲜的10个荒谬事实—— 1．高军事化区：据美国国务院消息，朝鲜和韩国之间的边界是世界上最军事化的地区之一，该地部署了200万军事人员。 2.仍然处于战争状态：朝鲜战争50年前停火后，南朝鲜技术上仍处于战争状态。 3."51类"社会阶层：朝鲜按对政权的忠诚度分级，将国民划分成51类。 4.美食与饥饿：金正日嗜好雪茄、白兰地和美食，而五分之四的朝鲜儿童却营养不良，600万朝鲜人需要 …… | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 07:50 AM PST 我们应该让分立的电视台自己作主，让它在与其他电视台的竞争中，摸索更有效的收费模式，而不是一刀切地对电视台广告作干预。否则，电视台就会被迫选择次优的方案，其代价必定由电视台、产品厂商、观众和消费者共同承担。 《经济观察报》之"法律、管制与经济增长"专栏（25） 禁插令损害了广告的商业模式 薛兆丰 最近广电总局颁布规定，要求自2012年元旦起，全国各电视台在播出电视剧期间，不得以任何形式插播广告，其目的是照顾广大群众的利益和愿望、保护剧情的完整性、从而提升电视台的公共服务水平。从网上舆情看，对规定的褒奖多于批评，而我的看法正相反。我认为"禁插令"误解并损害了电视剧插播广告的商业模式。 广告是解决信息不对称问题的手段。我们知道，只要是社会，只要不是孤家寡人地生活，就存在信息不对称的问题。那就是说，总有一些信息，是自己知道而对方不知道的；总有一些行为，是自己可以控制而对方无法控制的。然而，如亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）所言，我们无时不刻需要友侪的帮助，我们消费的每一件商品都经过千万人的劳作。所以，如何构建一个信息沟通和协调系统，让分工和交易成为可能，是文明进步的瓶颈之一。 从这个角度看，广告有两重功能。一是传达信息。厂商通过广告让消费者知道其产品的存在和各种相关的性能。这功能本身不难理解，而内里常常引起争议的两个焦点，一是广告内容是否可以夸大其词，二是厂商是否可以在广告中攻击竞争对手。对这两个问题的回答，都与广告受众的平均理解力有关。 一些广告用语华而不实，但如果广告受众心知肚明，自动打上折扣，而让政府官员把握适当的分寸、对这类不实之辞作监管的成本很高，那么社会通常就会允许这类华而不实的广告，而不至于视之为欺骗，这与真实生活中，人们讲恭维话和客套话，并不需要政府出面监管，也不至于被视作缺乏真诚和正直的道理是一样的。 另一类产品，尤其是与医药用品相关的商品，若广告用语中包含夸张不实的成分，受众由于缺乏专业知识，自动打上适当的折扣的成本很高，那么这类产品的广告内容，就应该受到较严厉的监控。这种监控有时是政府来做，而事实上，让第三方的评审机构通过竞争来提供这种服务，效果会更好，这与会计师事务所对财务报告所作的质检是一个道理。 同样，假如广告受众，一般地具有较高的独立思考和独立判断能力，那么允许厂商之间通过广告来互相批评，也没有什么不妥之处。美国就是一个允许这种做法的国家。过去几年，苹果公司做了一系列嘲弄微软公司的广告，生动活泼，惹人发笑。微软后来奋起反击，但思路笨拙，我的观感是微软在广告形象中至今依然占下风。 广告的另一重功能，是让厂商得以在消费者面前奉上抵押品。厂商在连绵的时间段内，向成千上万的消费者提供单价有限的产品，比如一瓶牛奶，一碗面条，一件衣服，一辆汽车。这便形成一种极不对称的格局：单个消费者根本无力承担揭发劣质产品所需付出的巨大成本，而厂商却有极强的动机在生产过程中玩忽职守，那么厂商如何取信于民？ 办法是厂商先向广大消费者付出抵押，做看上去铺张浪费且在短期得不偿失的广告。一旦企业租用了城市里最显眼的灯箱、电视中最贵的广告时段、或竞技中最受欢迎的运动员的着装权，企业就一次性地付出了巨大的沉没成本。一旦产品出现质量问题，厂商就无法通过薄利多销的收入流来偿还广告支出，巨额的事前抵押就化为乌有。厂商通过广告作了抵押，便增强了消费者的信任。 再谈广播中的广告。电台制作广播节目，其费用最初是通过出售收音机来征收的。谁要听某个电台的节目，就得购买某个电台特制的收音机。显然，这种做法有许多缺点，一是个人组装收音机的技术在迅速普及，阻止人们收听"盗版"广播变得越来越困难，二是电台的蓬勃兴起，要用户在诸多收音机之间切换显然不合实际。 这时候，一种新型的商业模式应运而生：电台和电视在节目中捆绑广告，由厂商来支付节目制作的费用，而让最终受到广告的影响而光顾厂商的消费者来向厂商偿还广告的费用。想想看，厂商对媒体的节目内容不感兴趣，媒体对观众的消费不感兴趣，观众对厂商的生意不感兴趣，但把这些互不关心、各有所需的人群凑一起，各方略作妥协，便成就了巨大的共同利益。这种迂回的买卖链条，能让未曾亲见的人叹为观止。 今年起实施的"禁插令"，是对这种自发商业模式的武断干涉。确实，如果观众能够像在付费的电影院里那样连贯地看完整部节目，得到的享受或许会更完整；如果艺术家们能够完全不顾观众的喜好，拍出的电视节目或许会更高雅；如果厂商能够直接发现需要购买商品的顾客，他们也能节省巨额的广告支出。但是，我们不得不面对的，是世界开天辟地之时就存在的基本约束，那就人与人之间的信息不对称，而上述种种做法，都是为了应付这个困境所必须支付的成本。在商业竞争中，这个成本已经被压倒目前条件下的最低了。 要说明的是，广告必须与电视节目捆绑在一起，才能发挥作用，才有商业价值。如果把电视剧都安排在收视率高的时段播出，而广告则集中在午夜后连播，那么广告就没有价值，而收视率高的时段也就不能称为"黄金时段"了。至于电视节目与广告之间应该如何适可而止地结合，那应该是电视台不断尝试和优化的结果，而非官员一纸文件所能取代。 同样值得说明的是，厂商播出广告，与言论自由无关。广告商之所以能插播广告，是因为它们租用了电视台的资源，而不是它们有言论自由权。不要以为你有权说话，就等于你有权用别人的扬声器说话。言论自由并不等于经济免费（Freedom of speech is NOT economically free）。国内电视台的产权，可能并非完全私有，但仍然有独立的核算，有明确的出资方，而这些出资方也绝非铁板一块、同一实体。 这是说，我们应该让分立的电视台自己作主，让它在与其他电视台的竞争中，摸索更有效的收费模式，而不是一刀切地对电视台广告作干预。否则，电视台就会被迫选择次优的方案，包括过短的电视剧单元、堆砌广告图标的画面、过于露骨的广告植入等，来维持这种商业模式，而其综合代价，必定是由电视台、产品厂商、观众和消费者共同承担的。
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| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 07:34 AM PST  2012年1月6日，是尊者达赖喇嘛主持的第32届时轮金刚灌顶法会在佛教圣地菩提迦耶举行的第六天。 这天上午，尊者达赖喇嘛率噶玛巴仁波切、萨迦法王等藏传佛教各大传承的仁波切，在菩提迦耶正觉塔菩提树下，举行了世界祈福法会。 但是，令人震惊的是，今天下午两点多，在安多阿坝（今四川省阿坝州阿坝县），又有两名藏人在县城自焚。目前还不知道他们的名字。只知道自焚藏人中，一位是僧人，一位是俗人。自焚僧人可能当场牺牲，另一位自焚者严重烧伤，已被警察带走。据悉，这两位藏人在自焚时面朝格尔登寺，双手合十，高呼"祈愿达赖喇嘛永久住世"、"让达赖喇嘛返回西藏"。 （由目睹自焚事件的当地藏人报告的消息，已为西藏时报、挪威西藏之声等媒体报道。） 这是自2009年以来境内藏地自焚的第14位和第15位藏人，是2012年境内藏地首次发生的两人自焚的事件。也即，2009年以来，境内藏地已有15位藏人自焚，8人牺牲，6人失踪，1人重伤留在寺院。 而在这一系列业已持续三年的悲壮自焚中，既有对残酷现实的绝望，也怀有对未来的期望。 图伯特的英雄儿女永垂不朽！ 下面这些图片来自Facebook。是藏人摄影师Sonam Zoksang 拍摄的。 点击显示大图。                   | ||||||||||||||
| 齊試砌、齊探討、齊實踐 : 戲功武林大會－如何以戲劇教育探討發展議題 (附有工作坊詳情) Posted: 06 Jan 2012 06:50 AM PST
齊試砌、齊探討、齊實踐 「發展議題咁悶，又有咁多數據，點用戲劇嚟教學生啊？」 議題探究在教育過程中越來越受重視。不論是校內的新高中通識科，還是在高速全球化下進行的公眾教育，社會議題都是必要處理的東西。身為戲劇教育工作者，在利用戲劇教育手法教學的時候，會否發覺發掘議題、處理探討角度的時候力有不逮？ 古有華山論劍，各方武林高手齊集比試武術；樂施會與香港教育劇場論壇(TEFO) 將在2012年2月至5月攜手舉辦「戲功武林大會」，以「貧窮」為題材，召集各方武林義士一同閉關練功，開闢以戲劇探究議題的用武之地！ 是次工作坊強調學員邊試砌教案、邊研習落場應用戲劇教育手法所遇到的問題與困難，即使你的工作或與貧窮議題未有直接關係，但這個工作坊也可啟發你如何藉戲劇手法發展深度的議題探究！ 課程詳情 - 分析議題時，怎樣能具備全面的視角（包括社會性、個人反思性的層面）？ 第一節 第二節 第三節 第四節 (閉關) 第五節 第七節 第八節 *工作坊內容或視乎實際情況而有所調整 導師：陳玉蘭BBA (HKU), MA (UCE Birmingham) 【詳情及報名】http://goo.gl/eNjjI 樂施會 香港教育劇場論壇(TEFO)合辦 地點 | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 06:58 AM PST 核心提示：对于义乌的印度人而言，最近两位商人的遭遇引起了更多恐惧；大多数人感觉当地商人和政府联系紧密，不知道未来发生类似纠纷时，是否能够得到法律或警方的保护。 译文：在中国的贸易城市，纠纷和紧张导致印度受到猜疑 时间：2012年1月5日 星期四 当地商人说，当地政府最近警示印度商人"不可靠"，再加上西亚地区公司资金紧张导致贸易纠纷大量涌现，中国规模最大的贸易城市之一弥漫着猜疑和紧张的气氛。那些资金紧张的西亚公司中有一部分是由印度人开设的。 义乌地方政府开设的一个网站上个月警告说，"许多印度商人卷入了纠纷"，此前一名名叫阿里的商人欠了145名商人1600万元人民币，逃离中国。 该网站说，他在9月到12月之间订了3000万元的货物，随后就不见踪影了。 这件事后，警方向商人发布警示，要求"小心印度商人"。当地政府还列举了一个案子，两年前，两名印度商人持旅游签证，携带价值280万元的货物离开中国。 最近几周里，两名印度商人——据媒体报道为一名也门人所雇佣——被愤怒的中国商人绑架，进一步凸显了紧张气氛在这个无法无天的贸易城市中不断酝酿，几百名在这里经商了几十年、很少惹事生非的印度商人因此前途未卜。 近几个月来，义乌许多当地企业也因为阿拉伯之春动荡后西亚地区的订单减少而受到影响。中国商人说，许多西亚地区的公司关闭店面，应付货款累计达数百万美元。有些公司是由印度雇员打理的。 一位中国商人说："生意减少了20%到30%，所以大家心里的火气比较旺。" 虽然这两名印度商人被私自绑架，受到虐待，但义乌的许多中国商人并不同情他们。在义乌当地商人经常访问的一家网站，一个讨论最近这起事件的帖子说，多数贸易纠纷追根溯源都是印度人和利比亚人惹出来的。 这里的印度商人说，政府根据几起纠纷就发布警告，制造了毫无根据的偏见。 一名来自新德里的商人说："不管是印度还是中国都有好人坏人。"他在义乌工作已有8年时间，自称没有出现"任何问题"。 "许多向印度供货的中国出口商也经常销售劣质商品，但我们不能据此认为所有人都是这样。与我合作的许多中国人都是诚实和可靠的。" 忠告 最近的案件之后，北京的印度大使馆发布一则告示，告诫印度人不要在义乌做生意，警告他们"如果出现贸易纠纷……印度商人有可能会被中国商人非法拘禁和虐待。" 印度贸易商说，他不确定当地政府会如何应对该则告示，害怕这会进一步加深双方的猜疑，而不是弥合分歧。然而，印度官员说，告示是必要的，印度官方强调，这种非法胁迫和绑架行为是不可容忍的。 两位印度贸易商被当地商人扣留，因为他们公司的老板，据说是也门人，留下一千万未付货款逃走了。 中国外交部发言人洪磊周三说，这起纠纷"仅仅是个案"，中国希望印方应"教育引导印来华商贸人员遵守中国相关法律法规，合法经营、诚信履约。" 对于义乌的印度人而言，两位商人的遭遇仅仅引起了更多恐惧；大多数人感觉当地商人和政府的联系紧密，不知道未来发生类似纠纷时，是否能够得到法律或警方的保护。 本文版权属于原出版公司及作者所有。©译者遵守知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 3.0许可协议。 译文遵循CC3.0版权标准。转载务必标明链接和"转自译者"。不得用于商业目的。发送邮件至 yyyyiiii+subscribe@googlegroups.com 即可订阅译文；到iTunes 中搜索"译者"即可订阅和下载译者Podcast；点击这里可以播放和下载所有译者已公开的视频、音频和杂志。（需翻墙）。  | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 07:02 AM PST 核心提示：广东各城市宣布调整最低工资，但是工人面对飞涨的物价，并不高兴；而工厂主们显然更担忧订单下降，没活可干。 原文：Minimum wage hike leaves few smiling 作者：Enid Tsui 日期：2012/01/04 由译者志愿者翻译并校对
新年到来，中国南方的工人也似乎迎来了一些好消息。 先是深圳宣布，将最低工资标准从1320元（210美元）每月提高到1500元，全国最高。接着，一家广州媒体报道，广东省内各城市今年最低工资将上调13%。 来自工厂工人的反应却是质疑和讽刺。 "如果物价上涨没那么快的话，我们一个月工资可以买100斤猪肉，去年是200斤。"一位新浪博主发文调侃。 "最低工资涨了，意味着工厂从我们工资中扣除的社会保险金也要涨了。反正我们是拿不到涨的这笔钱，大家都知道。"另一人说。 工厂主的反应，可以预料，更加消极。 "我认为，现在经济形势这么严峻，企业都在艰难度日，深圳毫不关心我们的死活，"香港工业总会副主席刘展灏说。 广东官方尚未证实最低工资上调13%的消息是否属实，但是刘展灏说工资上调太快是不理智的，2011年3月已经上调过一回了。 "珠三角出口企业一年来的订单减少了30%。形势非常可怕，我希望在需求回升之前，工资不要上调。如果年底之前订单量还未回升，那么广东提不提高最低工资标准都无所谓了，因为很多企业都将停产。"他沮丧的说。 讽刺的是，香港的一家亲政府媒体，文汇报，称赞深圳的做法是为避免春节后的民工荒而未雨绸缪，因为中国春节即将到来，民工都将离岗回乡。 劳动力短缺是中国制造业的系统性特征，主要原因是人口老化，而年轻一代比起他们的父辈有着更多选就业选择。 但这不是工厂主时下最关心的事情，没活可干了，这才是最要命的，刘展灏说。本文版权属于原出版公司及作者所有。©译者遵守知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 3.0许可协议。 译文遵循CC3.0版权标准。转载务必标明链接和"转自译者"。不得用于商业目的。发送邮件至 yyyyiiii+subscribe@googlegroups.com 即可订阅译文；到iTunes 中搜索"译者"即可订阅和下载译者Podcast；点击这里可以播放和下载所有译者已公开的视频、音频和杂志。（需翻墙）。  | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 06:33 AM PST 核心提示：朝鲜已承诺将在今年迈入"强大且繁荣的国家的大门"。"繁荣"是不可能的。这个国家四分之一的人口在挨饿，电力网奄奄一息。向外资敞开水闸门，即便向中国的投资敞开，也可能引发破坏稳定的社会转变。 译文：金正恩必须证明自己 时间：2012年1月4日 星期三 作者：Christian Oliver  曾亲自指导过数百部影片的电影迷金正日得到了一个他一直渴望的大团圆结局。如果我们相信官方剧本的话，那么，他是在不知疲倦地为朝鲜人民服务的过程中因过度劳累而撒手人寰的。 金正日自己曾经做过的噩梦要比这更为凄惨。他曾向现代集团创始人郑周永坦承，他担心他的子民可能会与美国人和韩国人一道用石头把他砸死。 尽管金正日躲过了这一血腥结局，但他的儿子和接班人金正恩肯定在担心他是否会如此幸运。 最近几周，首尔和平壤一直在不遗余力地强调，在金正日去世之后，两国针对彼此的政策将保持不变。但是双方的言辞并不能掩盖朝鲜半岛的安全局势已变得很不确定这样一个事实。 韩国总统李明博在其新年讲话中重申了一项由来已久的提议：如果朝鲜放弃核武器计划，朝鲜仍然拥有"机会之窗"：改善两国关系，获得400亿美元的基础设施投资。 朝鲜最不可能接受这一提议。它是在2006年通过核试验而加入核"俱乐部"的。平壤目前需要核弹这个彰显其国际重要性的主要工具来支撑经验尚浅的新领袖。事实上，金正恩可能很快就需要引爆另一枚核弹头，以表明朝鲜已掌握铀浓缩及钚生产。 朝鲜正竭力展示出一种一切如常的幻象。在上周金正日葬礼的整个过程中，他生前的一些军方要员站在这位接班人的两侧。如果我们还不理解这一精心编排，平壤后来宣布：世界各地"愚蠢的政客们"应该明白，朝鲜的政策不会改变。 然而，在这种言论的背后，人们不可能假装什么都没有改变。金正恩在不到30岁的时候突然被擢升，他不会享有他的父亲和爷爷所拥有的绝对权力。相反，他将通过一个委员会来领导混乱的政府。而在这个委员会中，相互争斗的将领们将争夺对他的控制权。 金正日可以威吓身边的人。就连金正恩的姑父兼导师张成泽都曾消失一段时间接受"再教育"。金正恩不会拥有同样的权威去惩戒张成泽或者父亲手下的高级官员。 金正恩是在一个由座座宫殿组成的梦幻般的气泡里长大成人的。在那里，他可以嗖的一声从水滑梯上滑下来，也可以在狩猎动物园里捕猎海豹。金正恩或许对这个国家以外的真正生活——和死亡——缺乏概念。他还会发现自己必须要依赖他父亲朋友们的政治判断。 不过，更大的威胁在于，金正恩必须证明自己。朝鲜已承诺将在今年迈入"强大且繁荣的国家的大门"。"繁荣"是不可能的。这个国家四分之一的人口在挨饿，电力网奄奄一息。向外资敞开闸门，即便向中国的投资敞开，也可能引发破坏稳定的社会转变。 金氏家族一向能够迅速镇压饥饿人口的异见。当令人不安的抗议活动出现时（比如在2009年笨拙的货币改革结束之后出现的抗议活动），城镇间的相互隔离导致社区的抗议者之间无法沟通协调。但想要压制住这种不断沸腾的怒火，难度会越来越大，特别是在越来越多的朝鲜人有了手机的情况下。 朝鲜的宣传机器仍能鼓动起供给比较充足的平壤普通市民的热情，但要判断精英阶层的忠诚度却是不可能的。最近到访平壤的人注意到这个神秘的阶层正变得更坦率，开始说一些过去可谓是不可想象的"疯话"，比如"如果这个(政权)垮台，你们会帮我们的，对吗?" 面对这些吵吵嚷嚷，金正恩必须致力于让他的国家"强大"起来，而这正是最大的危险。这位"最高司令官"必须证明他可以遵照朝鲜的"先军"主义取得一个又一个胜利。对此他心知肚明：他当上领导人后的首个重大视察活动就是去一个坦克师。 正在哀悼父亲的金正恩肯定是恐惧和悲伤掺半。中国和美国可以尝试用对话和粮食援助来安抚他。不过，根本上而言，他们必须做好应对一个混乱不堪的残局，因为届时这位走投无路、未经受过考验的年轻人肯定会感到，他必须为自己和他的国家的生存而战。 本文版权属于原出版公司及作者所有。©译者遵守知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 3.0许可协议。 译文遵循CC3.0版权标准。转载务必标明链接和"转自译者"。不得用于商业目的。发送邮件至 yyyyiiii+subscribe@googlegroups.com 即可订阅译文；到iTunes 中搜索"译者"即可订阅和下载译者Podcast；点击这里可以播放和下载所有译者已公开的视频、音频和杂志。（需翻墙）。  | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 06:00 AM PST
本周，小红猪头牌译者红猪操刀翻译了当科学遇上传播……一文，如果你想了解科学家和媒体的恩怨，此文不容错过。年关将近，回家的我们，想必又会遭遇一顿顿珍馐美味的洗礼，在这个因为过剩的营养带来大量健康问题的年代，我们一次次追问，怎么吃才健康？如果你有同样的疑问，这篇OZ饮食，没有神马，没有浮云，你到底该吃什么就是为你准备的，身为科学新闻记者的译者说到："当我从时代周刊上读到这篇的时候，就承认这是我读过的很好的一篇介绍健康饮食的文章，通俗易懂，很有说服力" 恩，下面是2012年第一期抢稿。"那天练着练着瑜伽，突然砰-砰-砰的三声，旁边一个同练的人骨头就错位了，大家练习瑜伽要注意安全啊！"这段子怎么听怎么像是亟待流言粉碎机粉碎的都市传说，可偏偏它是一件真事。想知道详情么？快快来翻译吧！本期抢稿：How Yoga Can Wreck Your Body 抢稿方法 每周五(北京时间晚十点)在科学松鼠会发布待翻译稿件原稿。 刊 出原稿后48小时内为试译期，有意参与者期间从原文中挑选一段愿意翻译的文字，翻好发到小红猪专用邮箱 jredpig#songshuhui.net。中英对照、长度不限、择优录取。P.S. 要是哪个翻译魔人直接翻完全篇那你中标的机会就大大增加啦！（提交的译文需要是一段英文一段中文交替的格式，便于校对） 试译期过后流程编辑查看邮箱，24小时内挑选出最佳译稿并与该投稿者联络。 抢到稿子者将有2周时间完成翻译。资讯类稿件限时一周。 若抢稿成功者有特殊原因不能完成须及时告知，流程编辑与当初报名的其他译者联系。 抢稿须知自己要把关质量，翻译准确，并做到语句通顺 抢稿前提是看懂，若有N多名词不知道准确含义，请勿抢稿 遇可能的科学术语请通过专业渠道核实译名 人名译法要规范，不能自创（推荐新华社《英语姓名译名手册》） 提交的译文需要是一段英文一段中文交替的格式，便于校对 抢稿者的作品经审核和校对，在群博发文时后边会附上校对打的小红花！ 小红花试行规则如下如果校对觉得："这个译者真靠谱哇！"——译者获5朵小红花； 校对觉得："翻译得认真。"——译者获3.5朵小红花； 校对说："有不少错，可以继续校对。"——译者获2朵小红花； 校对说："让我重译吧……"——译者获0.5朵小红花； 提前交稿——译者额外获1朵小红花。 积分奖励译者积分满10分，可以自行挑选稿件翻译后投递到小红猪邮箱。 译者积分满20分，可报名成为校对，成功校对一篇稿件并发布后，可获3朵小红花。 译者积分满50即可正式晋级"小红猪"，并以此作为申请成为"松鼠"、接受评议的资本之一。 抢稿方法 每周五(北京时间晚十点)在科学松鼠会发布待翻译稿件原稿。 | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 03:42 AM PST  圖：坪洲選址資料與其他選址一些分別 政府提出25個填海選址，當中羅列出各選址的填海方式、面積、主要發展及關注事項。 坪洲 ‧ 喜靈洲連島方案為700公頃，當中局方列以下資料關於主要發展及關注事項： 然而，翻看其他選址資料，有很多是有表明選址鄰近住宅區，未來規劃需要融合社區， 資料來源： | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 03:35 AM PST 按世界银行的标准，改革开放以来，中国贫困人口减少了3.5亿，人类发展指数也有很大提高。但"减贫"不等于"灭贫"，更不等于民众已经富裕。事实上"民穷"依然是最值得关注的问题。中国经济取得巨大成就的同时，还面临严峻挑战。 什么导致贫富差距？吴敬琏认为有两项：第一，腐败；第二，垄断。这都和政府权力有关。垄断，不是经济自由竞争的结果，而是行政权力造成的。中石化2009年盈利第一名，原CEO陈同海因受贿被捕，之后查出他平均每天花公款人民币4万元用于个人享受。按原来的改革计划，不应这样。但改革不到位，就变成这样。 近年来有种倾向容易误导部分民众：把贫富分化归因于市场经济。可"仇富"的本质是"仇腐"，是对腐败的 …… | ||||||||||||||
| Recruitment advertisement: Executive Secretary (Full-time) Posted: 06 Jan 2012 02:53 AM PST Organisation: China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group Position: Executive Secretary (Full-time) Job responsibilities: Requirements: Description of organisation: China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group (CHRLCG) is a non-profit organisation based in Hong Kong SAR. It targets on advocating for the protection of the rights of human rights lawyers and legal rights defenders in China. It was established on 20 January 2007. Current board members included prominent human rights lawyer and legislator Albert Ho Chun-yan (Chair), legislator Emily Lau Wai-hing (Vice-chairperson), barristers Cheung Yiu-leung, Linda Wong (Treasurer) and Dennis Kwok, solicitors John Clancey and Chong Yiu-kwong (Secretary), and journalism professor To Yiu-ming. The initial funding of this group valued at HK$1.2 million per year is generously provided by Sir Joseph Hotung. The group is expanding with some new funding sources. We acknowledge that despite their endeavours to fight for the rights of the underprivileged within the legal framework, many lawyers and legal activists in China have been subject to tremendous political pressure and unfair treatment by the Chinese authorities. They and their families deserve more attention and support from Hong Kong society and the international community. Our organization provides basic medical insurance and labour insurance in accordance with legal requirements. Interested parties please send your application with full resumé indicating date of availability, latest and expected salary to fax: 23887270 or email: chrlawyers@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| Recruitment advertisement: Administrative Assistant/Executive Assistant (Full-time) Posted: 06 Jan 2012 02:50 AM PST Organisation: China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group Position: Administrative Assistant/Executive Assistant (Full-time) Job responsibilities: Requirements: Description of organisation: China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group (CHRLCG) is a non-profit organisation based in Hong Kong SAR. It targets on advocating for the protection of the rights of human rights lawyers and legal rights defenders in China. It was established on 20 January 2007. Current board members included prominent human rights lawyer and legislator Albert Ho Chun-yan (Chair), legislator Emily Lau Wai-hing (Vice-chairperson), barristers Cheung Yiu-leung, Linda Wong (Treasurer) and Dennis Kwok, solicitors John Clancey and Chong Yiu-kwong (Secretary), and journalism professor To Yiu-ming. The initial funding of this group valued at HK$1.2 million per year is generously provided by Sir Joseph Hotung. The group is expanding with some new funding sources. We acknowledge that despite their endeavours to fight for the rights of the underprivileged within the legal framework, many lawyers and legal activists in China have been subject to tremendous political pressure and unfair treatment by the Chinese authorities. They and their families deserve more attention and support from Hong Kong society and the international community. Our organization provides basic medical insurance and labour insurance in accordance with legal requirements. Interested parties please send your application with full resumé indicating date of availability, latest and expected salary to fax: 23887270 or email: chrlawyers@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 『iPhone应用推荐』iCare·吃药提醒：关心最重要人的健康 Posted: 06 Jan 2012 02:11 AM PST  「iCare·吃药提醒」是一个专门帮助你提醒自己和亲友准时服药的小应用,每天多次提醒,支持短信及电话通知,并且能够帮助你最快速找到周围的药房和医院,是生活必备的超有爱应用，免费下载。有爱特性 1.每日多次提醒:支持每天4个不同时间提醒,满足所有服药需求; 2.便捷通知功能:支持短信和电话通知 3.家庭药品列表:记录备注事项,有效期一览 4.定位搜索功能:帮助你最快速找到周围的所有药房和医院! 5.不生病的时候,就提醒自己每天吃水果吧! ^_^，你现在就可以直接通过Appstore免费下载：http://itunes.apple.com/app/id490524922?mt=8
『Leica中文摄影杂志』推荐使用Email的方式订阅，亦可通过Google Reader、QQ阅读、鲜果等RSS工具阅读；在Apple Mac OS X下可获得最佳阅读体验  『iPhoto.ly』在苹果上阅读：iPhone版+iPad版，^_^ Tips： 关注我们： Twitter、饭否、微博 『小建议』如果你在Email里看到这篇文章，可以转发给你的朋友；如果你在Google Reader阅读器里看到这篇文章，可以共享给好友；如果你在豆瓣里看到这篇文章，不妨推荐给更多人；或者干脆Copy下这篇文章的链接，发给你MSN上最喜欢的人；我们永远相信，分享是一种美德，Great People Share Knowledge... Tags - iphone , app , 应用   | ||||||||||||||
| 『iPhone应用推荐』iCare·吃药提醒：关心最重要人的健康 Posted: 06 Jan 2012 02:11 AM PST 「iCare·吃药提醒」是一个专门帮助你提醒自己和亲友准时服药的小应用,每天多次提醒,支持短信及电话通知,并且能够帮助你最快速找到周围的药房和医院,是生活必备的超有爱应用，免费下载。有爱特性 1.每日多次提醒:支持每天4个不同时间提醒,满足所有服药需求; 2.便捷通知功能:支持短信和电话通知 3.家庭药品列表:记录备注事项,有效期一览 4.定位搜索功能:帮助你最快速找到周围的所有药房和医院! 5.不生病的时候,就提醒自己每天吃水果吧! ^_^，你现在就可以直接通过Appstore免费下载：http://itunes.apple.com/app/id490524922?mt=8
『Leica中文摄影杂志』推荐使用Email的方式订阅，亦可通过Google Reader、QQ阅读、鲜果等RSS工具阅读；在Apple Mac OS X下可获得最佳阅读体验 『iPhoto.ly』在苹果上阅读：iPhone版+iPad版，^_^ Tips： 关注我们： Twitter、饭否、微博 『小建议』如果你在Email里看到这篇文章，可以转发给你的朋友；如果你在Google Reader阅读器里看到这篇文章，可以共享给好友；如果你在豆瓣里看到这篇文章，不妨推荐给更多人；或者干脆Copy下这篇文章的链接，发给你MSN上最喜欢的人；我们永远相信，分享是一种美德，Great People Share Knowledge... Tags - iphone , app , 应用  | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 02:22 AM PST How Yoga Can Wreck Your Body Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/magazine/how-yoga-can-wreck-your-body.html?_r=3&hp=&pagewanted=all
Danielle Levitt for The New York Times Members of the Broadway cast of "Godspell" do their flexible best. From left: Uzo Aduba (doing the wheel), George Salazar (extended-hand-to-big-toe pose) and Nick Blaemire (headstand). By WILLIAM J. BROAD Published: January 5, 2012 On a cold Saturday in early 2009, Glenn Black, a yoga teacher of nearly four decades, whose devoted clientele includes a number of celebrities and prominent gurus, was giving a master class at Sankalpah Yoga in Manhattan. Black is, in many ways, a classic yogi: he studied in Pune, India, at the institute founded by the legendary B. K. S. Iyengar, and spent years in solitude and meditation. He now lives in Rhinebeck, N.Y., and often teaches at the nearby Omega Institute, a New Age emporium spread over nearly 200 acres of woods and gardens. He is known for his rigor and his down-to-earth style. But this was not why I sought him out: Black, I'd been told, was the person to speak with if you wanted to know not about the virtues of yoga but rather about the damage it could do. Many of his regular clients came to him for bodywork or rehabilitation following yoga injuries. This was the situation I found myself in. In my 30s, I had somehow managed to rupture a disk in my lower back and found I could prevent bouts of pain with a selection of yoga postures and abdominal exercises. Then, in 2007, while doing the extended-side-angle pose, a posture hailed as a cure for many diseases, my back gave way. With it went my belief, naïve in retrospect, that yoga was a source only of healing and never harm. At Sankalpah Yoga, the room was packed; roughly half the students were said to be teachers themselves. Black walked around the room, joking and talking. "Is this yoga?" he asked as we sweated through a pose that seemed to demand superhuman endurance. "It is if you're paying attention." His approach was almost free-form: he made us hold poses for a long time but taught no inversions and few classical postures. Throughout the class, he urged us to pay attention to the thresholds of pain. "I make it as hard as possible," he told the group. "It's up to you to make it easy on yourself." He drove his point home with a cautionary tale. In India, he recalled, a yogi came to study at Iyengar's school and threw himself into a spinal twist. Black said he watched in disbelief as three of the man's ribs gave way — pop, pop, pop. After class, I asked Black about his approach to teaching yoga — the emphasis on holding only a few simple poses, the absence of common inversions like headstands and shoulder stands. He gave me the kind of answer you'd expect from any yoga teacher: that awareness is more important than rushing through a series of postures just to say you'd done them. But then he said something more radical. Black has come to believe that "the vast majority of people" should give up yoga altogether. It's simply too likely to cause harm. Not just students but celebrated teachers too, Black said, injure themselves in droves because most have underlying physical weaknesses or problems that make serious injury all but inevitable. Instead of doing yoga, "they need to be doing a specific range of motions for articulation, for organ condition," he said, to strengthen weak parts of the body. "Yoga is for people in good physical condition. Or it can be used therapeutically. It's controversial to say, but it really shouldn't be used for a general class." Black seemingly reconciles the dangers of yoga with his own teaching of it by working hard at knowing when a student "shouldn't do something — the shoulder stand, the headstand or putting any weight on the cervical vertebrae." Though he studied with Shmuel Tatz, a legendary Manhattan-based physical therapist who devised a method of massage and alignment for actors and dancers, he acknowledges that he has no formal training for determining which poses are good for a student and which may be problematic. What he does have, he says, is "a ton of experience." "To come to New York and do a class with people who have many problems and say, 'O.K., we're going to do this sequence of poses today' — it just doesn't work." According to Black, a number of factors have converged to heighten the risk of practicing yoga. The biggest is the demographic shift in those who study it. Indian practitioners of yoga typically squatted and sat cross-legged in daily life, and yoga poses, or asanas, were an outgrowth of these postures. Now urbanites who sit in chairs all day walk into a studio a couple of times a week and strain to twist themselves into ever-more-difficult postures despite their lack of flexibility and other physical problems. Many come to yoga as a gentle alternative to vigorous sports or for rehabilitation for injuries. But yoga's exploding popularity — the number of Americans doing yoga has risen from about 4 million in 2001 to what some estimate to be as many as 20 million in 2011 — means that there is now an abundance of studios where many teachers lack the deeper training necessary to recognize when students are headed toward injury. "Today many schools of yoga are just about pushing people," Black said. "You can't believe what's going on — teachers jumping on people, pushing and pulling and saying, 'You should be able to do this by now.' It has to do with their egos." When yoga teachers come to him for bodywork after suffering major traumas, Black tells them, "Don't do yoga." "They look at me like I'm crazy," he goes on to say. "And I know if they continue, they won't be able to take it." I asked him about the worst injuries he'd seen. He spoke of well-known yoga teachers doing such basic poses as downward-facing dog, in which the body forms an inverted V, so strenuously that they tore Achilles tendons. "It's ego," he said. "The whole point of yoga is to get rid of ego." He said he had seen some "pretty gruesome hips." "One of the biggest teachers in America had zero movement in her hip joints," Black told me. "The sockets had become so degenerated that she had to have hip replacements." I asked if she still taught. "Oh, yeah," Black replied. "There are other yoga teachers that have such bad backs they have to lie down to teach. I'd be so embarrassed." Among devotees, from gurus to acolytes forever carrying their rolled-up mats, yoga is described as a nearly miraculous agent of renewal and healing. They celebrate its abilities to calm, cure, energize and strengthen. And much of this appears to be true: yoga can lower your blood pressure, make chemicals that act as antidepressants, even improve your sex life. But the yoga community long remained silent about its potential to inflict blinding pain. Jagannath G. Gune, who helped revive yoga for the modern era, made no allusion to injuries in his journal Yoga Mimansa or his 1931 book "Asanas." Indra Devi avoided the issue in her 1953 best seller "Forever Young, Forever Healthy," as did B. K. S. Iyengar in his seminal "Light on Yoga," published in 1965. Reassurances about yoga's safety also make regular appearances in the how-to books of such yogis as Swami Sivananda, K. Pattabhi Jois and Bikram Choudhury. "Real yoga is as safe as mother's milk," declared Swami Gitananda, a guru who made 10 world tours and founded ashrams on several continents. But a growing body of medical evidence supports Black's contention that, for many people, a number of commonly taught yoga poses are inherently risky. The first reports of yoga injuries appeared decades ago, published in some of the world's most respected journals — among them, Neurology, The British Medical Journal and The Journal of the American Medical Association. The problems ranged from relatively mild injuries to permanent disabilities. In one case, a male college student, after more than a year of doing yoga, decided to intensify his practice. He would sit upright on his heels in a kneeling position known as vajrasana for hours a day, chanting for world peace. Soon he was experiencing difficulty walking, running and climbing stairs. Doctors traced the problem to an unresponsive nerve, a peripheral branch of the sciatic, which runs from the lower spine through the buttocks and down the legs. Sitting in vajrasana deprived the branch that runs below the knee of oxygen, deadening the nerve. Once the student gave up the pose, he improved rapidly. Clinicians recorded a number of similar cases and the condition even got its own name: "yoga foot drop." More troubling reports followed. In 1972 a prominent Oxford neurophysiologist, W. Ritchie Russell, published an article in The British Medical Journal arguing that, while rare, some yoga postures threatened to cause strokes even in relatively young, healthy people. Russell found that brain injuries arose not only from direct trauma to the head but also from quick movements or excessive extensions of the neck, such as occur in whiplash — or certain yoga poses. Normally, the neck can stretch backward 75 degrees, forward 40 degrees and sideways 45 degrees, and it can rotate on its axis about 50 degrees. Yoga practitioners typically move the vertebrae much farther. An intermediate student can easily turn his or her neck 90 degrees — nearly twice the normal rotation. Hyperflexion of the neck was encouraged by experienced practitioners. Iyengar emphasized that in cobra pose, the head should arch "as far back as possible" and insisted that in the shoulder stand, in which the chin is tucked deep in the chest, the trunk and head forming a right angle, "the body should be in one straight line, perpendicular to the floor." He called the pose, said to stimulate the thyroid, "one of the greatest boons conferred on humanity by our ancient sages." Extreme motions of the head and neck, Russell warned, could wound the vertebral arteries, producing clots, swelling and constriction, and eventually wreak havoc in the brain. The basilar artery, which arises from the union of the two vertebral arteries and forms a wide conduit at the base of the brain, was of particular concern. It feeds such structures as the pons (which plays a role in respiration), the cerebellum (which coordinates the muscles), the occipital lobe of the outer brain (which turns eye impulses into images) and the thalamus (which relays sensory messages to the outer brain). Reductions in blood flow to the basilar artery are known to produce a variety of strokes. These rarely affect language and conscious thinking (often said to be located in the frontal cortex) but can severely damage the body's core machinery and sometimes be fatal. The majority of patients suffering such a stroke do recover most functions. But in some cases headaches, imbalance, dizziness and difficulty in making fine movements persist for years. Russell also worried that when strokes hit yoga practitioners, doctors might fail to trace their cause. The cerebral damage, he wrote, "may be delayed, perhaps to appear during the night following, and this delay of some hours distracts attention from the earlier precipitating factor." In 1973, a year after Russell's paper was published, Willibald Nagler, a renowned authority on spinal rehabilitation at Cornell University Medical College, published a paper on a strange case. A healthy woman of 28 suffered a stroke while doing a yoga position known as the wheel or upward bow, in which the practitioner lies on her back, then lifts her body into a semicircular arc, balancing on hands and feet. An intermediate stage often involves raising the trunk and resting the crown of the head on the floor. While balanced on her head, her neck bent far backward, the woman "suddenly felt a severe throbbing headache." She had difficulty getting up, and when helped into a standing position, was unable to walk without assistance. The woman was rushed to the hospital. She had no sensation on the right side of her body; her left arm and leg responded poorly to her commands. Her eyes kept glancing involuntarily to the left. And the left side of her face showed a contracted pupil, a drooping upper eyelid and a rising lower lid — a cluster of symptoms known as Horner's syndrome. Nagler reported that the woman also had a tendency to fall to the left. Her doctors found that the woman's left vertebral artery, which runs between the first two cervical vertebrae, had narrowed considerably and that the arteries feeding her cerebellum had undergone severe displacement. Given the lack of advanced imaging technologies at the time, an exploratory operation was conducted to get a clearer sense of her injuries. The surgeons who opened her skull found that the left hemisphere of her cerebellum suffered a major failure of blood supply that resulted in much dead tissue and that the site was seeped in secondary hemorrhages. The patient began an intensive program of rehabilitation. Two years later, she was able to walk, Nagler reported, "with [a] broad-based gait." But her left arm continued to wander and her left eye continued to show Horner's syndrome. Nagler concluded that such injuries appeared to be rare but served as a warning about the hazards of "forceful hyperextension of the neck." He urged caution in recommending such postures, particularly to individuals of middle age. The experience of Nagler's patient was not an isolated incident. A few years later, a 25-year-old man was rushed to Northwestern Memorial Hospital, in Chicago, complaining of blurred vision, difficulty swallowing and controlling the left side of his body. Steven H. Hanus, a medical student at the time, became interested in the case and worked with the chairman of the neurology department to determine the cause (he later published the results with several colleagues). The patient had been in excellent health, practicing yoga every morning for a year and a half. His routine included spinal twists in which he rotated his head far to the left and far to the right. Then he would do a shoulder stand with his neck "maximally flexed against the bare floor," just as Iyengar had instructed, remaining in the inversion for about five minutes. A series of bruises ran down the man's lower neck, which, the team wrote in The Archives of Neurology, "resulted from repeated contact with the hard floor surface on which he did yoga exercises." These were a sign of neck trauma. Diagnostic tests revealed blockages of the left vertebral artery between the c2 and c3 vertebrae; the blood vessel there had suffered "total or nearly complete occlusion" — in other words, no blood could get through to the brain. Two months after his attack, and after much physical therapy, the man was able to walk with a cane. But, the team reported, he "continued to have pronounced difficulty performing fine movements with his left hand." Hanus and his colleagues concluded that the young man's condition represented a new kind of danger. Healthy individuals could seriously damage their vertebral arteries, they warned, "by neck movements that exceed physiological tolerance." Yoga, they stressed, "should be considered as a possible precipitating event." In its report, the Northwestern team cited not only Nagler's account of his female patient but also Russell's early warning. Concern about yoga's safety began to ripple through the medical establishment. These cases may seem exceedingly rare, but surveys by the Consumer Product Safety Commission showed that the number of emergency-room admissions related to yoga, after years of slow increases, was rising quickly. They went from 13 in 2000 to 20 in 2001. Then they more than doubled to 46 in 2002. These surveys rely on sampling rather than exhaustive reporting — they reveal trends rather than totals — but the spike was nonetheless statistically significant. Only a fraction of the injured visit hospital emergency rooms. Many of those suffering from less serious yoga injuries go to family doctors, chiropractors and various kinds of therapists. Around this time, stories of yoga-induced injuries began to appear in the media. The Times reported that health professionals found that the penetrating heat of Bikram yoga, for example, could raise the risk of overstretching, muscle damage and torn cartilage. One specialist noted that ligaments — the tough bands of fiber that connect bones or cartilage at a joint — failed to regain their shape once stretched out, raising the risk of strains, sprains and dislocations. In 2009, a New York City team based at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons published an ambitious worldwide survey of yoga teachers, therapists and doctors. The answers to the survey's central question — What were the most serious yoga-related injuries (disabling and/or of long duration) they had seen? — revealed that the largest number of injuries (231) centered on the lower back. The other main sites were, in declining order of prevalence: the shoulder (219), the knee (174) and the neck (110). Then came stroke. The respondents noted four cases in which yoga's extreme bending and contortions resulted in some degree of brain damage. The numbers weren't alarming but the acknowledgment of risk — nearly four decades after Russell first issued his warning — pointed to a decided shift in the perception of the dangers yoga posed. In recent years, reformers in the yoga community have begun to address the issue of yoga-induced damage. In a 2003 article in Yoga Journal, Carol Krucoff — a yoga instructor and therapist who works at the Integrative Medicine center at Duke University in North Carolina — revealed her own struggles. She told of being filmed one day for national television and after being urged to do more, lifting one foot, grabbing her big toe and stretching her leg into the extended-hand-to-big-toe pose. As her leg straightened, she felt a sickening pop in her hamstring. The next day, she could barely walk. Krucoff needed physical therapy and a year of recovery before she could fully extend her leg again. The editor of Yoga Journal, Kaitlin Quistgaard, described reinjuring a torn rotator cuff in a yoga class. "I've experienced how yoga can heal," she wrote. "But I've also experienced how yoga can hurt — and I've heard the same from plenty of other yogis." One of the most vocal reformers is Roger Cole, an Iyengar teacher with degrees in psychology from Stanford and the University of California, San Francisco. Cole has written extensively for Yoga Journal and speaks on yoga safety to the American College of Sports Medicine. In one column, Cole discussed the practice of reducing neck bending in a shoulder stand by lifting the shoulders on a stack of folded blankets and letting the head fall below it. The modification eases the angle between the head and the torso, from 90 degrees to perhaps 110 degrees. Cole ticked off the dangers of doing an unmodified shoulder stand: muscle strains, overstretched ligaments and cervical-disk injuries. But modifications are not always the solution. Timothy McCall, a physician who is the medical editor of Yoga Journal, called the headstand too dangerous for general yoga classes. His warning was based partly on his own experience. He found that doing the headstand led to thoracic outlet syndrome, a condition that arises from the compression of nerves passing from the neck into the arms, causing tingling in his right hand as well as sporadic numbness. McCall stopped doing the pose, and his symptoms went away. Later, he noted that the inversion could produce other injuries, including degenerative arthritis of the cervical spine and retinal tears (a result of the increased eye pressure caused by the pose). "Unfortunately," McCall concluded, "the negative effects of headstand can be insidious." Almost a year after I first met Glenn Black at his master class in Manhattan, I received an e-mail from him telling me that he had undergone spinal surgery. "It was a success," he wrote. "Recovery is slow and painful. Call if you like." The injury, Black said, had its origins in four decades of extreme backbends and twists. He had developed spinal stenosis — a serious condition in which the openings between vertebrae begin to narrow, compressing spinal nerves and causing excruciating pain. Black said that he felt the tenderness start 20 years ago when he was coming out of such poses as the plow and the shoulder stand. Two years ago, the pain became extreme. One surgeon said that without treatment, he would eventually be unable to walk. The surgery took five hours, fusing together several lumbar vertebrae. He would eventually be fine but was under surgeon's orders to reduce strain on his lower back. His range of motion would never be the same. Black is one of the most careful yoga practitioners I know. When I first spoke to him, he said he had never injured himself doing yoga or, as far as he knew, been responsible for harming any of his students. I asked him if his recent injury could have been congenital or related to aging. No, he said. It was yoga. "You have to get a different perspective to see if what you're doing is going to eventually be bad for you." Black recently took that message to a conference at the Omega Institute, his feelings on the subject deepened by his recent operation. But his warnings seemed to fall on deaf ears. "I was a little more emphatic than usual," he recalled. "My message was that 'Asana is not a panacea or a cure-all. In fact, if you do it with ego or obsession, you'll end up causing problems.' A lot of people don't like to hear that." | ||||||||||||||
| Posted: 06 Jan 2012 01:42 AM PST 美国国防部在2012年1月5日公布新的军事战略。据悉，这份战略评估报告强调，海陆空必须整合资源，挫败像中国和伊朗这样的国家阻止美国进入南中国海、波斯湾以及其他战略地区的企图。 美国国防部发言人利特尔对媒体表示，国防部长帕内塔和参谋长联席会议主席邓普西将军公布美军应对目前以及未来挑战的战略部署，这是五角大楼在预算遭到削减时对美国在全球的角色和使命进行战略评估的结果。国防部在今后10年要削减4千9百亿美元的预算开支。美国彭博新闻援引没有透露姓名的政府消息人士的话说，五角大楼的战略评估报告草案的内容包括，美国各个军种必须加强合作，共同利用情报、监测和侦察能力、网络安全工具以及运作概念。美国应该有能力遏 …… |
流言： 【北京市面30种U盘容量均"缩水" 金士顿上黑榜】北京市消费者协会对市面销售的30种USB闪存盘产品进行了比较试验，结果表明，所有U盘内存容量均"缩水"，也就是实际容量和标称容量不符，其中相差最大的U盘，标称8GB，在电脑上显示只有7.44GB,仅为标称值的93%。
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